1. Introduction

2. Terms of reference

3. Hardware

4. Software

5. Information support

5. Network structure

5.2 Software

5.3 Information support

6Organizational management

7Basic design principle

8 Methodological support

9 Security

10 Conclusion

11 List of sources used

Introduction

While studying at the Don State Technical University, studies were combined with work in a fitness center.

This paper presents a project of an automated workstation designed to work with clients and use client databases.

The main task is to create software for an automated workstation for registration and documentation of a set of automation tools. The development provides the following functions:

· Receiving and registering data on the state of the control object;

· Allows a person to analyze the data received and, on the basis of them, quickly respond to changes in the system;

· Increases the operator's efficiency due to the visual presentation of data on the monitor screen and thereby reduces the operator's work with papers.

In order to ensure the possibility of human interaction with the system, in order to access the results of information registration, it becomes necessary to implement an AWP within the ACS, which is a set of software and hardware tools that ensure interaction between a person and a PC in an interactive mode.

All information circulating in the system, in the process of controlling the functioning of the technical means of the system for obtaining the results of information registration, after being processed in a computer complex (VC) by specially developed algorithms in a formalized form, enters the AWS. AWS, in turn, implements the following functions:

· Data reception;

· Issuance of information;

· Registration of the received information in the PC memory;

· Documentation of data placed in information arrays.

Registration is the storage in the PC memory of information entering the system or circulating in the system in some information arrays, organized as databases. It is also necessary to ensure the preservation of all information about the technical condition of devices entering the system or circulating in the system.

Documentation is essentially a presentation on a monitor screen with a printer of a selection from these information arrays (databases) in a given form convenient for further analysis.

Storing information in the PC memory in the form of information arrays and the possibility of presenting samples from these information arrays on a monitor screen and a printer to ensure successful human-system interaction are the tasks of registering and documenting information that were assigned to the creators of the automated workstation.

The structure of the fitness center network is also considered in the ongoing project.

Technical task

To develop a fitness center management system, an automated workstation designed to perform customer registration and using specialized applied mathematical software packages.

At the entrance of the AWP

Initial data for work;

The norms related to the calculations;

Methodical instructions.

At the exit of AWP

Reporting documents for the work

Center results

· Work with reference and regulatory information.

Calculation of the organization's payroll

· Maintaining a file that reflects the issuance of various benefits in a subordinate organization ..

· Working with the general ledger.

· Documents and manual recount, for computer accounting in the 1C: Enterprise 7.7 system, i.e. automate the sale and purchase process; translation of accounting and direct trade, from paper goods;

· Preparation and printing of reports in this program;

· Provide preparation, filling and posting of primary documentation without arithmetic calculations;

· To ensure access to data and reports for the past period, i.e. keep an archive;

· To create an optimal AWS management structure and improve the operator's work.

Workstation hardware

The choice of hardware is carried out based on the need to perform the tasks solved by the automated workplace.

Figure 1 - Block diagram of AWP hardware

This workstation requires the following configuration of a personal computer:

Processor with a frequency of at least 3000 MHz;

RAM at least 1024 MB;

Video card not less than 256 MB;

Hard drive magnetic disks a volume of at least 200 GB;

3.5 "floppy disk drive

Peripherals :

LCD monitor that supports high resolutions;

Network Card;

Sound card;

Keyboard;

Requirements for technical support:

1. high performance of computer technology (BT). The design uses an optimization algorithm that requires large computational processes. The only way to improve performance is to use high-performance computing equipment;

2. the technique must have developed peripheral equipment;

3. The complex of technical means should allow the parallel development of subsystems of the designed system simultaneously by different designers;

4. The design database is the same for all AWPs included in the network. The database is installed on the server.

Workstation software

- WindowsXP operating system, which provides loading of auxiliary programs and performance of the work necessary for the operator;

- Word 2003 for editing and formatting texts;

- "1C: Accounting", which is necessary directly for accounting, in particular for the preparation of primary documentation.

With the help of "1C: Accounting" multidimensional and multilevel analytical accounting is carried out. The problem of simultaneous work with several charts of accounts is being solved. A certain set of accounting functions embedded in the program algorithm allows you to implement the basic accounting procedures: maintaining accounts, double entry, the principle of balance, etc.

The applied part of the program contains the following set of tools: chart of accounts, screen forms of primary documents, journals, reports, etc. In addition, the system includes tools that allow you to change the configuration of the program for the needs of a particular organization, regardless of the scope of its activities.

Figure 2 - Software classification.

Operating system (OS);

Software for the development of graphic documentation

The minimum system requirements for this OS for a PC:

Pentium processor compatible 800Mhz or higher;

64Mb of RAM or higher;

3 GB of free disk space or more;

CD-ROM or drive;

3.5 "/1.44Mb disk drive;

Microsoft or compatible mouse;

VGA video card and monitor with high resolution support;

To equip the workstation with software, we will use the 1C-Accounting package, as the most effective and efficient software product.

The structural diagram of the AWP software will be as follows:

Figure: 3 Block diagram of the AWP software

Tasks solved using these programs

Programs	Tasks to be solved
Windows XP SP2	Windows XP SP2 is a graphical operating system for IBM PC computers. The system is designed to control a stand-alone computer, but also contains everything you need to create a small local computer network and has the means for integration into the World Wide Web. For a computer running this system, it is easiest to find application programs and device drivers.
Microsoft Word	Microsoft Word is a convenient and practical word processor for preparing and editing text. On this workstation, it is used to create various letters, documents, orders, announcements, price lists, etc. necessary for the company.
Excel	This program makes it possible to simplify the system of calculating the coefficients for the markups of the main and additional services of the club, maintaining media plans, reports for the accounting department, due to the presence of standard functions included in it - financial, mathematical, logical, static.

Workstation information support

After the system requirements are defined and the process is basically predefined, the definition of the requirements for the input data and their forms begins. Equally important in its meaning is the definition of the form for the output information, which to one degree or another predetermines the process, method and requirements for the input data.

The transition from the automation of certain processes in the subject area to the creation of automated information systems requires not only interconnection of applications, but also a qualitatively new approach to data organization. This approach consists in using a single repository - a database. Individual users cease to be the owners of certain data. All data is collected and stored centrally. A dynamically updated domain model is created in the PC memory, which ensures compliance with the database current state subject area in real time.

Figure 4 - Database structure

General structure of the fitness center network

Figure 5. - Network structure.

This structure reflects the relationship of all AWPs available at the enterprise and connected to a local network using a HUB.

1. The manager's computer. Having a connection with all workplaces, it accepts progress reports on local network.

2-10. Slave computers. They work with client databases, pay salaries to employees, and develop promotions.

1. Room layout

Figure 6. - Workstation layout.

Head:

Computer name	BOSS
Operating system	Windows XP SP2
Housing	ATX 300W
Monitor	Sony LCD "19"
Motherboard	Epox NForce 2
CPU	AMD 2000XP +
HDD	SeaGate 120 Gb
RAM	512 DDR PC3200
CD-Rom	NecDVD-RW 4540
FDD	Mitsumi 1.44
Video card	ATI Radeon 9600XT
Sound card	SB Live 7.1
Network Card	RealTek 8139
a printer	Canon LBP-810
Keyboard	Mitsumi
Mouse	Mitsumi

Hall administrator:

Computer name	Olia
Operating system	Windows XP SP2
Housing	ATX 300W
Monitor	Samsung 793DF
Motherboard	ASUS P4P800 SE
CPU	Pentium 4 3.06 Ghz
HDD	SeaGate 120 Gb
RAM	512 DDR PC3200
CD-Rom	TEAC 552-G
FDD	PANASONIC 1.44
Video card	Nvidia GeForce 5800 FX
Sound card	AC'97
Network Card	Realtek 8139
a printer	HP 1220
Keyboard	Mitsumi
Mouse	Mitsumi

Tachogenerator - an electrical generator used to measure the frequency of rotation or angular acceleration of the shafts of various machines and mechanisms. The tachogenerators are excited by permanent magnets. Tachogenerators work stably in systems feedback in the range from nominal to 0.02 nominal speed. Designed to convert instantaneous values \u200b\u200bof the shaft (rotor) speed of a machine or mechanism into an electrical signal.

Reliability calculation for a local network

In real conditions, the operation of many schemes is carried out with a limited supply and limited human resources due to the restoration of failed systems. In particular, the challenge is to calculate the reliability characteristics with only one piece of spare equipment.

There is a network of 10 computers. There are 2 spare computers to replace the failed computers. The failed car is replaced with a spare one, if one is available, and the failed one is sent for repair. The network is serviced by 4 operators who restore faulty computers. The recovery time of one vehicle is a random variable. However, in the calculations, we take the average time of one recovery 124 hours. The MTBF, as well as the recovery time, will be assumed to be distributed according to an exponential law with parameters.

Any system is characterized by both basic (reception sensitivity, information acquisition accuracy, radiation power, etc.) and auxiliary parameters (weight, dimensions, ease of control, appearance etc.).

Depending on the extent to which at a given time the equipment meets the requirements specified for both the main and auxiliary parameters, they are distinguished:

Serviceable

Faulty

Working condition

The operability is the state in which the system meets all the requirements established for the main parameters.

Reliability is the property of an object to perform specified functions, keeping in time the values \u200b\u200bof the established and operational indicators within the specified limits in accordance with the specified modes and conditions of use, as well as storage and transportation.

Reliability is the property of the equipment to remain operational for some time or some operating time.

Durability is the property of the equipment to maintain performance up to the limit state with the necessary breaks for maintenance and repair.

Maintainability is the property of an apparatus that is adaptable to preventing and detecting failures.

Persistence is the property of equipment to maintain a good working condition during or after storage.

The reliability of the equipment depends on many factors, the impact of which is random. Therefore, the mathematical apparatus of the theory of reliability is based on the theory of probability, and the assessment of reliability indicators is carried out by a statistical method of processing the results of a large number of tests.

The calculation of the reliability of a computer network is carried out under the following assumptions:

1. The probability of equipment failure-free operation changes exponentially;

2. Special methods of increasing reliability (redundancy, reducing the operating time of equipment);

3. The equipment loads are nominal, and their operating time is the same and is equal to the operating time of the entire system;

All elements in structural diagram reliability are connected in series.

Let's calculate the main characteristics of the reliability of a computer network.

The total failure rate of the module is calculated by the formula (1):

The total failure rate of the module, taking into account the operating conditions, is calculated by the formula (2):

The failure rate shows how many products that work properly until the moment t will fail in the next unit of time.

(3)

where n is the number of products that failed in the time interval Dt,

Dt - observation time interval,

N (t) - the number of products working properly up to time t.

The failure rate for hardware is divided into 3 stages:

The first stage is characterized by a large number of failures, which is called sudden or catastrophic, caused by latent defects in production and equipment in general. It is necessary that this stage be completed at the manufacturer's plant. For this purpose, the network is trained, i.e. short-term overload operation. When working as part of a block, the equipment as a whole is put on a run. The time of the first stage is tens of hours.

The second stage - here hidden defects have already been identified, aging and wear have not yet begun. The task of designers and operators is to extend this stage in time.

The third stage is the sharp increase in failures associated with aging and wear and tear of equipment. She is sent to the cap. repairs.

Let us find the mean time between failures of the module using the formula (4):

The probability of no-failure is 0.9

Reliability improvement methods:

At the design stage:

Maximum simplification of the equipment, but not to the detriment of the specified output parameters

installation of equipment with high reliability indicators into the network

relief of electrical and thermal conditions. To facilitate the electrical mode, it is necessary that the ERE load factor be less than 1:

Network protection from adverse environmental factors:

Vibration

Microflora

· pressure drop

Humidity, etc.

Ensuring maintainability.

At the stage of equipment production:

Exact adherence to the requirements of technology and other documentation in all areas of production. Ensuring the work rhythmically and highly qualified tech. control.

Incoming inspection of materials and components.

Automation and mechanization of assembly and preparatory work.

Application of new modern technological methods.

Compliance with the production culture.

During the operation phase:

High quality performance of all preventive measures.

Mandatory instrumental check, and, if necessary, training of computers installed to replace the failed ones.

Good training of service personnel.

A complete calculation of the structural and operational reliability is carried out taking into account the real distribution law and all factors affecting the operation of the system.

The initial information for the calculation is the network diagram, the list and characteristics of the component parts, the operating conditions and operating modes of computers, the failure rate and correction factors.

The average failure rate for all elements of the i-th type, taking into account the correction factors according to the formula (8), is equal to:

; (8)

where: a \u003d 1.2¸2 is the operating factor;

K j - j-th correction factor.

The total failure rate at a temperature t 0 - l t is calculated by the formula (9):

(9)

At t 0 \u003d 20 0 l t \u003d 5.0 * 10 -6 hour -1.

Mean time between failures - T CP:

(10)

Probability of no-failure operation P (10 -4)

(11)

Availability factor K G:

(12)

where: t B - time for equipment maintenance for mean time between failures. t B \u003d (0.01 - 0.05) T SR. We accept t B \u003d 20 hours.

Expected probability of no-failure operation Р Э (t):

R E (t) \u003d P (t) K G (1-K PR); (13)

where: K PR \u003d 0.05 - prevention coefficient.

R E (10 -4) \u003d 0.85 * 0.99 * 0.95 \u003d 0.834.

From the above, the expected probability of failure-free operation of the network, taking into account all the coefficients, is 0.834.

Ensuring the safety of the workstation

At the workplace, protective measures should be provided against possible exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors. The levels of these factors should not exceed the limit values \u200b\u200bstipulated by legal, technical and sanitary-technical standards. These regulatory documents oblige to create working conditions at the workplace in which the influence of hazardous and harmful factors on workers is either completely eliminated or is within acceptable limits.

Working with a computer is characterized by significant mental stress and neuro-emotional stress of operators, high intensity of visual work and a fairly large stress on the muscles of the hands when working with a computer keyboard. A rational design and arrangement of workplace elements is of great importance, which is important for maintaining an optimal working posture for a human operator.

The design of workstations equipped with video terminals is one of the important problems of ergonomic design in the field of computing.

The workplace and the mutual arrangement of all its elements must meet anthropometric, physical and psychological requirements. The nature of the work is also of great importance. In particular, when organizing the workplace of the operator-programmer, the following basic conditions must be met: optimal placement of the equipment that is part of the workplace and sufficient working space to allow all the necessary movements and movements.

The main ergonomic tasks of organizing the workplace include:

Determination of the spatial parameters of the workplace and its elements corresponding to the anthropometric characteristics of the contingent of workers;

Optimal placement of workplace elements relative to the user based on the analysis of his activities.

Rooms equipped with displays are located in the north or north-east of the building. If the room is oriented to the south, sun protection devices (blinds, curtains, etc.) are provided.

The volume of industrial premises per worker is at least 15m 3, and the area of \u200b\u200bpremises is at least 4.5m 2.

The room is equipped with air conditioning units. Ventilation and air conditioning systems are equipped with devices for vibration damping and noise absorption, ensuring noise reduction to acceptable values \u200b\u200bfor this type of work.

For artificial lighting of rooms in which displays are used, a combined lighting system is used. The arrangement of working and evacuation lighting is provided.

In the rooms in which the PC is located (if an automatic fire extinguishing system is not required), there are portable carbon dioxide fire extinguishers at the rate of 2 pieces for every 20 m 2 of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, taking into account the maximum permissible concentration of the extinguishing agent.

After finishing work on them, personal computers are disconnected from the network.

1C - Enterprise

1C: Enterprise allows you to work with infobases in the "client-server" version. The "client-server" option is understood as an architecture that implies the presence of 3 software levels:

Client application 1C: Enterprises;

Server 1C: Enterprise;

Database server.

The 1C: Enterprise client application is exactly the 1C: Enterprise that the end user works with. In order for 1C: Enterprise to be able to work with infobases in the "client-server" version, the usual installation, which allows working with the file-based infobase, must be supplemented with specialized components for accessing the 1C: Enterprise server. At the same time, 1C: Enterprise, which has the ability to work in the "client-server" version, does not lose the ability to work in the file version. The selection of the required set of components is carried out when installing 1C: Enterprise.

Server 1C: Enterprise is a specialized server application through which you can access the infobase in the "client-server" version. Server 1C: Enterprise forms an intermediate software layer between the client application and the database server. Client applications do not have direct access to the database server. To access the infobase, the client application interacts with the 1C: Enterprise server. At the same time, in addition to the simple transfer of data from the client application to the database server, the 1C: Enterprise server performs a number of other tasks. In particular, in the environment of the 1C: Enterprise server, the execution of rather complex processing written in the built-in 1C: Enterprise language can be organized.

In addition, the 1C: Enterprise server stores files containing the infobase registration logs registered on this 1C: Enterprise server, as well as files containing some infobase settings. All these data are not vital for working with infobases, and their loss will not lead to inoperability of infobases.

The 1C: Enterprise server is a COM + application that can be installed on a computer running Microsoft Windows 2000 / XP / Server 2003. Installation and configuration of the 1C: Enterprise server is performed by the 1C: Enterprise setup program. The 1C: Enterprise server name matches the computer's network name.

Database server. Storage of vital data of 1C: Enterprise infobases in the "client-server" version is provided by the database server. Microsoft SQL Server 2000 is used as a database server in 1C: Enterprise. Moreover, each infobase is entirely stored in a separate Microsoft SQL Server database.

Separately, it should be said about the distribution of components across computers. From the above diagram, we can conclude that each 1C: Enterprise client application, 1C: Enterprise server and database server must be executed on separate computers. This is not entirely true. In reality, 1C: Enterprise client applications, 1C: Enterprise server and database server can be distributed across computers in a rather arbitrary way. All together they may well work on one computer. However, in most practical cases, client applications run on separate computers of end users, while the 1C: Enterprise server and the database server, depending on the circumstances, can run on one or two separate machines. Both options are completely normal from a technical point of view. With a relatively light load, the 1C: Enterprise server and the database server can work on the same computer. And this option is quite acceptable for those cases when the resources of one computer are enough to perform the functions of a 1C: Enterprise server and a database server. And if one computer cannot cope with all the functions, the 1C: Enterprise server and the database server can be split into separate machines.

Hardware and software requirements

There are no special requirements for end-user computers for organizing the work of 1C: Enterprise with infobases in the "client-server" version, therefore the requirements for hardware and software do not differ from the requirements of 1C: Enterprise when working with the file-based infobase.

Requirements for the computer on which the 1C: Enterprise server is running can be formulated as follows:

Processor not lower than Pentium III 866 MHz. It is permissible and even desirable to use multiprocessor machines, since the presence of several processors has a beneficial effect on the throughput of the 1C: Enterprise server, especially in the case of intensive work of several users

There are no special requirements for the disk subsystem on the part of the 1C: Enterprise server, since it does not itself intensively work with disk files;

Operating system MS Windows 2000 / XP / Server 2003, that is, including COM + tools.

A USB port is required to connect the hardware protection key of the 1C: Enterprise server.

Requirements for a database server are mainly determined by the requirements of Microsoft SQL Server 2000. Any computer that can run Microsoft SQL Server 2000 can be used as a database server. Formally, the requirements can be formulated as follows:

Operating system: in accordance with the requirements of Microsoft SQL Server 2000;

Hardware: in accordance with the requirements of Microsoft SQLServer 2000;

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 + Service Pack 2.

As a note, you can point out that the 1C: Enterprise server and the database server, when running, create approximately the same load on the computers on which they run. Therefore, if the 1C: Enterprise server and the database server are separated different computers, then their characteristics should be approximately the same to ensure load balancing.

If the 1C: Enterprise server and the database server are located on different computers, then the bandwidth of the network connection between the 1C: Enterprise server computer and the database server computer can greatly affect the performance of the entire system. To the extent that, in some cases, the separation of the functions of the 1C: Enterprise server and the database server on different machines, instead of the expected increase in performance, may result in a decrease in performance due to the loss of data transfer between the 1C: Enterprise server and the database server.

Conclusion

In the course of the course project, the workstation of the administrator of the fitness center was developed, the necessary hardware was selected, and a local network was also designed. Requirements of the technical task are fulfilled

Calculated the reliability of the local network.

An automated workstation (AWS) is one or more industrial personal computers.

AWP is intended to be used instead of the traditional panel-display with lamps and buttons.

AWPs have a number of advantages over the control panel:

• minimum dimensions;
• great clarity;
• logging of personnel actions and the course of the technological process;
• provision of regulatory and reference information;
• electronic document management;
• reduction of the cable supplied to the workplace.

Main functions

AWPs are divided into two main categories:

• automated workstations of operating personnel controlling the technological process: workstation of train dispatcher, workstation of power dispatcher, workstation of the station attendant, workstation of the person on duty at the TV observation post, operator workstation, etc.
• automated workstations for service personnel: workstation of the electromechanic of the dispatch center, workstation of the station electromechanics, etc.

Workstations of operational and service personnel allow the user to control the progress of the technological process, but only from the workstation of operating personnel control is carried out.

Workstation of service personnel provides users with diagnostic information about the state of the control system and executive objects in digital and analog form.

Composition

AWP is implemented on a personal computer of industrial design. Additionally, the AWS includes:

• uninterruptible power supply, thanks to which it is possible to work in case of power failures;
• acoustic speakers, through which voice messages are issued about device failures and all kinds of warnings and prompts, for example, loss of control of the switch, the presence of a train in the approach area, etc .;
• a printer that allows you to print out the protocols of the system, devices and personnel.

Mouse and alphanumeric keyboard manipulators are used as controls.

Display facilities are used individually and collectively.

Individual visualization tools are meant to be used by one person, and collective ones, respectively, by several people and are intended for the convenience of perceiving the course of the technological process as a whole. Monitors are individual, and plasma panels and projection screens are collective.

Information display principles

The monitor screen of any set of workstations is conventionally divided into three parts:

• upper part - panel of system status indicators;
• middle part - control and monitoring screen;
• the lower part is the control panel, which contains the buttons of the drop-down panels.

There is no lower part (control panel) on collective displays.

When developing images and indication of objects of control, the following basic principles were taken into account:

• • Minimization of the number of conditional graphic images and their geometric dimensions by using the same color cell of the control object to indicate different states. For example, the use of one cell to indicate different readings of a traffic light and an isolated area.

• • Expanding the color gamut. The monitored elements of the track development of the station are normally colored light gray. They light up in yellow when setting a route along them; red - when they are busy; red with yellow edging (only for switch-track sections and receiving-departure tracks participating in the receiving route) - when they are simultaneously occupied and closed; yellow flashing - in case of artificial cutting of free sections of the route; alternate blinking of red and yellow - when artificially cutting the occupied sections of the route, white thickened (only for turnout-track sections) - after the section is released before the time of the slow-acting repeater of the turnout travel relay expires (16-20 sec). Sections of the station track that do not have vacancy / occupancy control are marked with solid black color.

• • Using mnemonics to display an object associated with its outlines. For example, an image of a platform, a switch for a power supply system, an escalator, ventilation units.

• • The use of flashing indications solely for displaying alarms or short-term conditions of the system operation, requiring the attention of operating personnel. Moreover, the blinking indication changes to an even color after pressing the corresponding buttons for the perception of information by the user. For example, the "Otv.Orkaz" indicator - control over the implementation of a responsible order, is normally displayed with a light gray background. Lights up in red blinking color when the preliminary command of the responsible order passes (actions started, but not completed) and its perception by the CCC UK devices after checking the possibility of implementation, and solid red - when directly implementing any responsible order.

• • The use of symbols that are generally accepted abbreviations for names. Moreover, the color of the display of the symbols characterizes the control object, for example, the indicator "Tc" signals with a green background about the correct operation of the communication line between the AWP and the control computer complex. Indicator "Ground" - control of the grounding indicator, normally indicated in light gray; is indicated by a red blinking background color when the ground alarm is triggered due to a decrease in the insulation resistance of the EC power supplies below the permissible norm.

Main advantages

AWPs of systems of the IPC family in comparison with AWPs of other systems have the following number of advantages:

• • 100% "hot" backup;
  • The control principles used in the devices of the previous generation are preserved. For example, the assignment of routes at stations occurs when the start and end points are selected in the same way as on the control panel, the traditional procedure for canceling routes and artificial disconnection, de-stressing the traction network, etc. is preserved.
  • Universal software that is applicable both to AWPs working on sections of main railways and access roads of industrial enterprises and subways;
  • Provides for the installation of information and prohibition signs used instead of the caps used on the traditional panel-board.

ARM METEOROLOGIST

Operator's manual

St. Petersburg

List of Figures ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 4

List of tables ................................................ .................................................. .............................. five

Annotation................................................. .................................................. ................................... 6

Symbols and abbreviations ............................................... .................................................. ....... 7

1. Purpose ............................................... .................................................. ........................... 8

1.1 Main functions ............................................... .................................................. ...... 8

1.2 Main parts of the user interface ............................................. ......... 8

1.3 Access levels ............................................... .................................................. ............. 8

2. Working with the application ............................................. .................................................. ........ ten

2.1 Starting ................................................ .................................................. .......................... ten

2.2 Real time block .............................................. .............................................. ten

2.3 Items of the main menu: ............................................. ................................................. 12

3. Data entry .............................................. .................................................. ........................ 13

3.1 Telegram KN-01 ............................................. .................................................. ........ 13

3.1.1 Initialization of input: ............................................ ............................................... 13

3.1.2 User interface ............................................. ........................................... 13

3.1.3 Control elements ............................................. ............................................... 14

3.1.4 Display elements ............................................. ............................................ 14

3.1.5 Input data ............................................. .................................................. ... fifteen

3.1.6 Examples of entering visually observed information ................................... 18

3.2 Telegram KN-24 ............................................. .................................................. ........ 23

3.2.1 Snow shooting, purpose and composition .......................................... ............................ 23

3.2.2 User interface ............................................. ........................................... 24

3.2.3 Operating procedure ............................................. .................................................. ........ 25

3.2.4 Entering route data ............................................ .............................................. 27

3.2.5 Control elements ............................................. ............................................... 27

3.2.6 Test .............................................. .................................................. ............................ 28

3.3 Telegram KN-19 ............................................. .................................................. ........ 29

3.3.1 User interface ............................................. ........................................... 29

3.3.2 Testing the Climate and Decade telegrams .......................................... ............... 29

3.3.3 Entering norms ............................................. .................................................. ................. 31

3.4 WAREP telegram ............................................... .................................................. .... 33

3.4.1 Formation of the WAREP telegram ............................................ ......................... 33

3.4.2 OL criteria ............................................. .................................................. ............. 35

3.5 Formation of a mode message (block code) .......................................... 36

3.5.1 User interface ............................................. ........................................... 36

3.5.2 Regime software and PERSONA-MIS software. Directories ................................................. ..... 37

3.5.3 Configuring the PERSONA-MIS software for AMK data processing ........................... 38

3.5.4 Entering passport data using the UPH module ........................................ ........ 40

4 Additional information ............................................... ............................................ 41

4.1 Service information ............................................... ............................................. 41

4.2 Searching for messages in the archive ............................................. ........................................... 42

5 Entering corrections ............................................... .................................................. ..................... 44

6 Reports ................................................ .................................................. ................................ 45

List of figures

Figure: 1 Main window of the Meteorologist's workstation ............................................. ....................................... eleven

Figure: 2 Input of non-automated data for KN-01 .......................................... .............. 14

Figure: 3 Precipitation input form .............................................. .................................................. ..... 16

Figure: 4 Window for entering cloudiness forms, page "Lower tier" ....................................... ... 18

Figure: 5 Entering information from cloudiness in the absence of clouds ........................................ 19

Figure: 6 An example of entered visually observable information ..................................... 20

Figure: 7 Selecting the cloud shape .............................................. ................................................ 21

Figure: 8 Example of entering lower clouds ............................................. ........................................ 22

Figure: 9 Example of lower clouds input ............................................. ........................................ 23

Figure: 10 Entering information about snow shooting, window "Snow shooting" ........................................ .24

Figure: 11 Snow survey route entry form ............................................. ............................ 25

Figure: 12 Formation of DECAD and CLIMATE telegrams ............................................ ............. 29

Figure: 13 Formed telegram CLIMATE .............................................. ....................... thirty

Figure: 14 Monthly withdrawal table .............................................. .......................................... 31

Figure: 15 Form of entry of norms .............................................. .................................................. ........ 32

Figure: 16 Exceeding the threshold .............................................. ............................... 33

Figure: 17 Formation and transmission of the WAREP telegram ............................................ ............. 34

Figure: 18 Criteria for hazardous events .............................................. ........................................... 35

Figure: 19 Form for creating the formation of regime information with an example of the generated block code ....................................... .................................................. .................................................. .... 36

Figure: 20 Setting the station passport .............................................. .......................................... 37

Figure: 21 File Akrits. mis ................................................. .................................................. ............ 38

Figure: 22 UPH module ............................................... .................................................. ................... 39

Figure: 23 Service information and synchronization of AWP and controller ........................... 40

Figure: 24 Searching for messages in the archive of telegrams and messages .......................................... .... 41

Figure: 25 Entering correction factors into the controller ............................................ .42

Figure: 26 Reports ................................................ .................................................. .......................... 43

List of tables

Table 1. An example of a valid sequence of periods for a 2 time zone: .... 14

annotation

The Operator's Manual, Part 1, contains a description of the system and determines the procedure for the operator (observer) to act when working with the special software of the METEOROLOGU'S ARM. Software version: 1.4.6

Designations and abbreviations

AMK - Automatic meteorological complex,

VNGO - the height of the lower boundary of the clouds,

KN-01 - code form for coding synoptic information,

KN-19 - code form for encoding climate information,

KN-24 - code form for coding snow survey data,

MDV - meteorological visibility range,

OS - operating system,

OYa - dangerous phenomena,

Software - software,

PC - personal computer,

STORM - code for encoding storm information,

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time,

WAREP is a code form for coding information about OY.

1. Purpose

1.1 Main functions

The software is intended for use as part of AMK hardware and software systems

The main tasks of the software: automation of the process of registration and distribution of measurement data.

Software functionality:

Interaction with the QML201 controller using an agreed exchange protocol;

Display of data on-line observations;

Synchronization of station time with PC;

Synchronization of station settings with software;

Providing a means of entering visually observable parameters;

Display of telegrams generated by the station;

Archiving of sent messages;

Keeping an archive of every minute observations;

Record keeping;

Visualization of archived data.

1.2 Main parts of the user interface

Monitoring unit, in real time, for automatically measured parameters - the main window of the application. The main window of the application displays data on-line observations.

To enter data, select a channel, fill in the table on the right (New amendments) and click the Set button.

Figure: 25 Entering correction factors into the controller.

To enter data, fill in the table on the right and click the "Set" button.

To view the entered corrections - either "Read" or view the data in the service connection mode.

View\u003e Reports menu item.

The reports module allows you to generate and print a number of reports on monthly data (files DATA \\ YYYYMM_Msg. Cds, where YYYY is the year, MM is the month). By default, the file is loaded for the current month. By clicking the Load button, you can load another source data file.

Figure: 26 Reports

Export of data to MS Excel is possible. After export, a message appears indicating the location and name of the file with the xls extension:

The module allows you to generate four types of reports:

· Reports on terms;

· Simple report (contains hourly data);

· Report by day;

· Report on decades.

Generation of reports for days and decades is available after the first report is generated.

Workstation software

Parameter name	Value
Topic of the article:	Workstation software
Category (thematic category)	Technologies

The software allows you to improve the organization of the computing system in order to maximize the use of its technology.

The need for software development is due to the following:

· To ensure the operability of technical means, since without software they cannot perform any computational and logical operations;

· To provide interaction of the user with the equipment;

· Shorten the cycle from setting the problem to obtaining the result of its solution;

· To increase the efficiency of using resources of technical means.

A number of requirements are imposed on the workstation software: reliability, efficiency of using PC resources, structure, modularity, efficiency, user friendliness.

When choosing software, it is extremely important to focus on the architecture and characteristics of the PC.

As part of the AWP software, two basic types of support can be distinguished, differing in functions: general (system) and special (applied).

TO general softwarerefers to a set of programs that automates the development of programs and the organization of the computing process on a PC, regardless of the tasks being solved. General software is designed to run programs and control the process of their execution.

Special (applied) softwareis a set of programs for solving specific user tasks. Special software determines the specific specialization of the AWP, ᴛ.ᴇ. the scope of its application.

Figure: 15. Classification of software workstation

The AWP software must have the properties of adaptability and customizability for a specific application in accordance with the user's requirements.

Application packages (APPs), which are part of the special software workstation, implement the functions of word processing, tabular data processing, database management, machine and business graphics, organization of human-machine dialogue, communication support and networking. RFPs are the fastest growing part of software, because the range of tasks solved with their help is constantly expanding. The introduction of PCs in all areas of activity became possible thanks to the emergence of new and improvement of existing PPPs.

The structure and principles of constructing the PPP depend on the class of computers and the operating system with which this package will function. The classification of these software packages by functional and organizational characteristics is shown in Figure 16.

Figure: 16. RFP classification

Spreadsheets (tabular processors) - software packages for processing tabularly organized data. The user can use the tools of the package to carry out various calculations, build graphs, control the format of data input-output, compose data, conduct analytical research, etc.

Work organizers are software packages designed to automate the planning procedures for the use of various resources (time, money, materials) both for an individual person and for the entire company or its structural units.

Word processors - programs for working with documents (texts), allowing to arrange, format, edit texts when the user creates a document.

Desktop publishing systems (NIS) - programs for professional publishing activities that allow electronic layout of basic types of documents, for example, a newsletter, a short color brochure and a voluminous catalog or trade application, a reference book.

Graphic editor - packages for processing graphic information; are divided into RFP processing of raster graphics and images and vector graphics.

Among multimedia programs two large groups can be distinguished. The first includes packages for training and leisure, and the second - programs for preparing video materials for creating multimedia performances, demo discs and poster materials.

Another type of software package related to graphic image processing is - design automation systems... Οʜᴎ are intended for the automation of design and engineering work in mechanical engineering, automotive, industrial construction, etc.

Character recognition programs intended for translation graphic image letters and numbers to the ASCII codes of these characters and are usually used in conjunction with scanners.

Packages of this type usually include a variety of tools to facilitate the user's work and increase the likelihood of correct recognition.

Various packages are presented group of financial programs: for personal finance, automation of accounting for small and large firms, economic forecasting of the development of a company, analysis of investment projects, development of a feasibility study of financial transactions, etc.

Integrated software packages - in terms of the number of product names, it is not numerous, but computationally powerful and actively developing part of the software.

Traditional, or fully tied, integrated software packages are a multifunctional stand-alone package in which the functions and capabilities of various specialized (problem-oriented) packages, related in the sense of data processing technology at a separate workplace, are combined into one whole.

The integrated package provides communication between data, but it narrows the capabilities of each component compared to a similar specialized package.

A different approach to integration is being actively pursued today software tools: consolidation of specialized packages within a single resource base, ensuring interaction of applications (package programs) at the object level and a single simplified center-switch between applications. Integration in this case is object-linked character.

Workstation software - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Workstation software" 2017, 2018.

A.N. Balalaev

"Automated workplaces in the production and repair of rolling stock"

Lecture notes

for students of the specialty 05.23.03 - "Rolling stock of railways" full-time and part-time forms of study

Chairman of the Board of Education

programs "Railway rolling stock

roads "

__________________ (S.V. Korkina)

_______________ (A. N. Balalaev) __________________ (S. V. Korkina)

"___" ____________ 2016 "___" ____________ 2016

Tel. 255-68-54 Protocol No. 3 from_ 14.10.2015 _

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Locomotives Department, Samara State Transport University

A.Yu. Balakin

Head of the Technical Department of the Carriage Service Service of the Kuibyshev Infrastructure Directorate - a structural unit of the Central Infrastructure Directorate

A.P. Bolnov

Balalaev A.N.

Automated workplaces in the production and repair of rolling stock: lecture notes. [Text] / A.N. Balalaev. - Samara: SamGUPS, 2016 .-- 53 p.

The issues of development and creation of automated workstations (AWS) during the production and repair of rolling stock are considered. The description of the methods of creating databases as applied to the issues of production and repair of rolling stock is given. Methods of managing databases using convenient forms of input and output of information are presented.

On specific examples, the capabilities of the automated workplace of workers in the professional field of production and repair of rolling stock are shown.

It is intended for students and post-graduate students of railway universities, and can also be recommended to engineers and technicians of railway transport, students of advanced training courses, engaged in the maintenance and repair of rolling stock.

Editor: I.A. Shimin

Signed for printing Format 60 * 84 1/16

Writing paper. Operational printing. Cond.pl.

Edition Order N

______________________________________________________________

ãSamara State Transport University, 2016

ã Balalaev A.N., 2016

Foreword 4

Introduction 5

1. Goals and objectives of lecture number 1 6

1.1. The goals and objectives of creating an automated workplace at manufacturing enterprises,

operation and repair of rolling stock 6

1.2. Main functions of existing AWP 7

2. Goals and objectives of lecture number 2 9

2.1. Principles of connecting AWPs in a local network at enterprises

for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock 9

2.2. Workstation equipment, general information about the configuration of computers,

monitors, network cards, network hubs 10

2.3. Main operating systems and software AWP 12

3. Goals and objectives of lnction No. 3 14

3.1. Workstation design basics, stages of workstation 14 design

3.2. Conceptual modeling of the professional environment 15

4. Goals and objectives of lecture number 4 18

4.1 Understanding Normalized Databases 18

4.2. First, second and third normal forms 19

4.3. Functions and capabilities of Access DBMS 19

4.4. Creating and linking tables by key fields 20

4.5. Creating Forms and Reports in Access Database 22

4.6. Creating a custom menu in Access DBMS 26

5. Goals and objectives of lecture number 5 28

5.1. AWP of the repair manager of the repair enterprise

rolling stock 29

5.2. The main functions of the automated workplace of the enterprise for the operation of rolling stock 30

5.3. Application of AWP in the quality management system of an enterprise for

rolling stock production 31

6. Goals and objectives of lecture number 6 34

6.1. Workstation of the operator of the enterprise for the operation and repair of rolling stock 34

6.2. The type of forms and the order of their filling; report type 36

7. Goals and objectives of lecture number 7 39

7.1. Using databases of expert systems in AWS 39

7.2. Application of AWP in the transport security system 41

8. Goals and objectives of lecture number 8 42

8.1. Features of AWP of enterprises for production, operation

and repair of autonomous traction rolling stock 42

9. Goals and objectives of lecture No. 9 46

9.1. Features of AWP of enterprises for production, operation

and repair of electric rolling stock 46

Conclusion 51

test questions 52

Bibliographic list 53

Foreword

This discipline is devoted to general issues of designing automated workstations (AWP) at enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock; mastering the methods of analyzing information flows of enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock (questioning of employees, study of job descriptions, technological documentation and reporting forms); learning the basics of building databases in various DBMS; training to work in one of the DBMS to create an application for the workstation of enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock; mastering the skills of designing an application for an automated workplace of enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock.

For the successful development of this discipline, it is necessary to have the knowledge acquired by students in the disciplines "Informatics" and "Production and repair of rolling stock", the ability to acquire new mathematical and natural science knowledge using modern educational and information technologies; the ability to understand the essence and significance of information in the development of a modern information society, to be aware of the dangers and threats that arise in this process, to comply with the basic requirements of information security, including the protection of state secrets and commercial interests; possession of the basic methods, methods and means of obtaining, storing and processing information, has the skills to work with a computer as a means of information management, automated database management systems; the ability to use modern software tools for the development and edition of design and technological documentation, the ability to analyze the technological processes of production and repair of rolling stock as an object of management, the ability to apply expert assessments to develop management decisions on the further functioning of operating and repair enterprises.

In the course of mastering the discipline "Automated workplaces in the production and repair of rolling stock" students must:

Know the principles of AWS design, the basics of building relational databases, the basics of designing an application for AWPs for various categories of workers in operational and repair locomotive depots, the basics of building expert systems;

To be able to draw up a technical assignment for a workstation project for operational and repair locomotive depots; design tables, queries, forms and reports in one of the DBMS, as well as create an application menu for AWPs for various categories of employees of enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock;

Own the methods of work in the application created for the AWP of various categories of employees of enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock.

Introduction

The purpose of this discipline is to teach students the general issues of designing automated workstations (AWS) at enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock.

The tasks of the discipline include:

To acquaint students with the methods of analyzing information flows of enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock (questionnaires of employees, study of job descriptions, technological documentation and reporting forms);

To give students skills in the field of building databases in a database management system (DBMS);

Training to work in one of the DBMS to create an application for the workstation of enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock;

To give students the skills in the field of designing an application for an automated workplace of enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock.

The course of the discipline is designed for 9 lectures and 4 laboratory works. As a result of studying the discipline, the student must master the methods of designing an automated workplace at enterprises for the operation and repair of rolling stock, from setting a task to implementing an application for an automated workplace in one of the DBMS, for example, MS Access.

To work on a lecture course, the student must keep a handwritten summary, in which, after each outlined lecture, answer questions for self-control (given after each lecture).

The result of the course will be a credit, to which students are admitted after completing all laboratory work, presenting handwritten lectures of the course and passing computer tests on the topics of the course.

Goals and objectives of lecture number 1

The purpose of this lecture is to teach the basic concepts of automated workstations at enterprises for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock.

Show the purpose of workstations in industrial plants;

Formulate the goals and objectives of AWP at enterprises for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock;

Show the main functions of existing AWPs.

1.1. Goals and objectives of creating an automated workplace at enterprises for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock

Modern production of goods or services is impossible without the use of information technologies, which since the end of the 20th century have become the basis for organizing production, managing production quality, and optimizing production business processes.

Information Technology are widely used in the railway industry in Russia. These technologies are implemented in the form of an integrated system for automation of workplaces of railway transport enterprises.

The goals and objectives of the development of an integrated system for automation of workplaces in the railway industry are:

Automation of train operation (ASOUP, GID, automated dispatch control system ASDK) to ensure train schedules;

Establishing the location of any unit of rolling stock and containers and its status (operation, maintenance, repair, non-operating fleet, write-off) in real time (development of the DISPARC system);

Ensuring the safety of train traffic using an automated system for centralized control (monitoring) of the technical condition of rolling stock and information support of operational railway workers (ASK PS) with the collection of information from automated systems for technical diagnostics of rolling stock (ASTD), for example, a system for centralizing monitoring the health of rolling stock (AWP DISK), the development of these systems was the "Integrated automated accounting system, monitoring the elimination of hardware failures and analysis of their reliability (KAS ANT)";

Automation of workplaces for road-level workers to analyze and coordinate the work of linear enterprises for the operation, maintenance and repair of rolling stock, as well as for liaising with the owners of rolling stock;

Organization of local computer networks (LAN) enterprises for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock for information support of technological production processes;

Automation of quality management of technological processes in railway transport (ACS KTI).

1.2. The main functions of existing workstations

The program of informatization of the Russian railway industry provides for the creation of automated linear control and information concentration areas (ALRU-KI), which are a set of stationary railway facilities: marshalling, freight, intermediate stations, other separate points, locomotive and carriage depots and other linear enterprises, personnel workplaces which are equipped with AWPs.

The core of the region is a "reference" station, which can be a sorting, precinct or large freight station. The rest of the district stations are defined as adjoining the "reference" one.

The possibility of transition at the linear level from the automated control system of a station or other enterprise to regional automated control systems is ensured by focusing on the client-server system architecture. The above architecture provides for the construction of a system, the basis of which is a server located at the "reference" station, which ensures the maintenance of a unified information base of the region and the implementation of the bulk of the programmed processing of the incoming information. At the same time, AWPs, combined with the server into a single information and computer network, provide input of initial data and provide the required information to the user.

The development of the ALRU-KI system at the level of the reference station is the Automated System of the Local Operations Control Center (AS TSUMR)

The structure of the ALRU-KI system is shown in Fig. one.

The following AWPs are available at the line level:

AWP for the operator of enterprises for the repair of rolling stock and containers;

AWP PTO - operator of a maintenance point or station fleet;

AWP of enterprises for the preparation of rolling stock;

AWP of enterprises for the maintenance of rolling stock.

According to the plan for informatization of the LAN of enterprises for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock, it combines the following AWPs:

AWP IPR (integrated package of the head);

AWP of deputy chiefs of the enterprise by type of activity (with functions by the type of their activity);

AWP of the secretary (control of performing activities);

AS KADRY (network automated personnel system of the Ministry of Railways). Allows you to collaborate with software systems AWP IPR, AWP "Accounting";

AWPs of the technical department: technologist, metrologist, ACS engineer;

AWPs for accounting;

AWPs of the department of labor and wages: rationing, taxation;

Economist's AWP - economic monitoring;

Workstation of an occupational safety engineer;

Workstation for training engineer (equipment of technical classes);

AWP of the structural division of the main production of the enterprise (with functions by the type of activity of the division).

Figure: 1. General structure of the ALRU-KI system

The main functions of AWPs for employees of enterprises for the production, operation, maintenance and repair of rolling stock are:

Conducting electronic document management within the framework of their professional activities;

Management of the professional activities of the enterprise within the framework of its powers;

Analysis of the effectiveness of the professional activity of the enterprise within the framework of its authority

Forecasting the parameters of the professional activity of the enterprise;

Optimization of the company's activities in many ways (economic, parameters of product quality or performance of services, environmental, social).

One of the main functions of the considered AWPs is to optimize the economic activity of enterprises, therefore it is necessary to identify and indicate the sources of savings on railways. transport from the computerization of the industry. These sources are as follows:

Reducing the time spent on document management between various enterprises and organizations by switching to electronic document management;

Improving the quality of products or providing services through constant monitoring and control of technological processes, as well as the maximum reduction of the subjective factor in these processes;

Increasing the safety of train traffic through the introduction of automated systems for technical diagnostics;

Transition to new progressive technologies of maintenance and repair of rolling stock (repair according to technical condition);

Optimization of the economic activity of the enterprise through accounting and control of expenses for materials, components and energy carriers.

1) List the main AWPs created for workers at enterprises for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock.

2) What is the principle of organizing information systems at the "road" level?

3) What are the main goals and objectives of creating a workstation for employees of enterprises for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock?

4) What are the functions of the AWP of employees of enterprises for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock?

5) How to save on railway transport from the computerized industry?

Goals and objectives of lecture number 2

The purpose of this lecture is to teach the basic principles of connecting AWPs in local networks of enterprises, general information about computer configurations and operating systems.

To achieve this goal, this lecture sets the following tasks:

Show the purpose and features of equipment for organizing local networks;

Provide general information about the workstation equipment, server and workstation configurations;

Show the characteristics of the main operating systems of servers and workstations.

2.1. Principles of connecting AWPs in a local network at enterprises for the production, operation and repair of rolling stock

An enterprise LAN usually consists of many workstations and one or more servers. A server can have the following functions: a file server function (database storage), a function of differentiating user access rights to databases and shared resources.

To connect computers with each other, network adapters (network cards) are used - see fig. 2. Besides network adapters also requires cables, modems, hubs.

Figure: 2. A network card with two types of connectors for connecting cables: thin coaxial (BNC) and thick ETHERNET (RG-45)

Cables are of the following types:

- twisted pair (anti-jamming, length up to 1000 m, transmission speed up to 10 Mbit / s);

- coaxial cable (medium noise immunity, length up to several km, data transfer rate up to 100 Mbit / s);

- fiber optic cable (high price, full noise immunity, length up to 50 km, transmission speed up to 1000 Mbit / s).

Modems are used to connect computers using telephone networks. If the modem is equipped with an infrared port, then the transfer of messages between computers is carried out using infrared electromagnetic waves.

Connecting computers with cables is provided using active (AK) and passive (PC) hubs and routers. Active hubs amplify the signals transmitted over cables and are used to transmit signals over long distances.

2.2. Workstation equipment, general information about the configuration of computers, monitors, network cards, network hubs

Personal computers are the main technical base of the AWP.

A personal computer consists of system unit, monitor, keyboards, mouse, peripherals. System unit contains: motherboard (system) board, processor, operative (RAM) and permanent (НDD) memory, floppy drives, video card, bus.

Motherboard AT measures 305x309 (12 "x13.5") and consists of 6 or 12 layers with printed copper foil joints glued together. It installs: cPU, other microcircuits ( sound, video, network cards, graphics accelerators), RAM (random access memory), Bios (non-volatile programming unit), tire.

Processors are mainly manufactured by INTEL (80%) and differ in clock frequency... In addition to intel processors, aMD processors (K5, K6).

Table 1

Characteristics of various processor brands

RAM consists of several microcircuits, differing in memory size: 4; 8; 16; 32; 64; 128 MB and a connector that ensures the speed of the circuit (connector standards: DRAM 10 ... 12 nsec, EDO RAM 70 ... 60 nsec, SDRAM 8 ... 10 nsec, RDRAM).

HDD (HDD) differs in capacity (from 120 Mb to 30 Gb) and interface (connector providing a given speed). The following HDD interface standards apply:

IDE, E-IDE, SCSI.

Disk drives: 3.5 II; 5.25 II are designed for small capacity floppy disks.

ZIP drive (100MB; 250MB) - high capacity optical drive.

Video card (video adapter) - a microcircuit that forms an image on the monitor.

Types of video cards:

EGA-16 colors at 640x350 pixels;

VGA-16 colors at 640x480; 256 colors at 320x200 pixels;

SVGA –16 colors at 1600х1280 or 256 colors at 800х600-1024х768.

Tire designed to transmit electrical signals from one computer device to another, there are global and local.

A global bus is present in every computer.

Global iSA buses (most common) EISA (for LAN servers).

Local buses (for working with high-speed devices) are: VESA (i486), PCI (Pent), USB (Pent II, Pent III), IEEE 1394 (for digital photo and video cameras connected to a computer.

Monitors differ in diagonal size, grain size. The monitors are named by the manufacturer and the type of video card (Funai SVGA LQ).

Keyboard US-standard 101/102; 104 for Windows.

Questions for self-control lectures

1) What is included in the workstation equipment?

2) What is the purpose of Bios?

3) What is the difference between an active and a passive hub?

4) What are the main characteristics of the Os / 2Warp operating system?

5) What are the main characteristics of the Unix operating system?

Goals and objectives of lecture number 3

The purpose of this lecture is to teach the basic concepts of AWS design.

To achieve this goal, this lecture sets the following tasks:

Show the purpose and features of the stages of the AWS design;

Formulate the goals and objectives of conceptual modeling of the professional environment;

Show on specific examples the attributes of the information object, the menu view of the projected workstation.

3.1. Workstation design basics, stages of workstation design

A feature of the creation of AWPs for railway transport enterprises is that they are created by programmers unfamiliar with this professional environment, but are used by railway workers unfamiliar with programming.

Therefore, the process of creating new AWPs is iterative or open (allowing the addition of new functions).

GOST 34.601, - 92 - the following stages of creating an automated workplace are established:

I. Marketing: analysis of the market for supply and demand of similar AWPs and analysis of their advantages and disadvantages,

II. R&D (research work) - a report is drawn up on the results of a survey of the automation object with the formulation of requirements for a new AWP, while the necessary information flows are investigated, the forms of transmitted documents are established, the goals and objectives of using the information are determined,

III. GOST 34.602 - 92: a technical assignment is being developed, while the user's requirements for the workstation are specified and detailed,

IV. GOST 34.201 - 92: a "draft design" is drawn up, in which preliminary decisions on the AWP and its components are developed,

V. A "technical project" is drawn up, which specifies the goals, tasks and requirements for the AWP, a general algorithm for the functioning of the AWP is developed, compatibility with other systems in computer parts is taken into account, the composition of hardware and software is determined, the functions of personnel working with the AWP are determined, the structure is developed databases, the schemes of the information department are being specified,

Vi. Working documentation includes software and operational documentation with a test case,

Vii. After setting up the computer, training of personnel for preliminary testing and trial operation is drawn up an act of acceptance - delivery of the AWP,

VIII. Workstation support.

Consulting, error analysis, troubleshooting and shortcomings are provided. Within the warranty period - 1 year.

3.2. Conceptual modeling of the professional environment

Conceptual modeling of the professional environment consists in determining the objects of information and their parameters (attributes) necessary for solving the problems of a given enterprise.

Example enterprise task: Entering and storing data about employees (including data on incentives, penalties, training and advanced training) to find and view a specific record. Moreover, a specific record can be located:

By the entered surname;

By the first few letters of the surname;

By personnel number;

By the date of employment;

By a combination of the four (above) methods.

Information Object Example: data on employees (full-time and part-time).

Example attributes of the given object: personnel number, date of receipt at the enterprise, full name, date of birth, department, position, work phone number, address of residence, encouragement, collection, training results, date of dismissal.

Conceptual modeling begins with the definition of the required tasks of the enterprise in the field of input, storage, transmission and use of information. First, the goals of working with information at a given enterprise are identified and formed. These goals differ for different categories of workers (manager, management personnel, service personnel). Typically, an enterprise has a hierarchy of goals.

The identification of the goals and the formation of the tasks of the enterprise is carried out by the iterative method, when the developer of the automated workstation asks the employees of the enterprise: who needs what information. He offers a template for a database, and after the comments of the employees, he clarifies and designs the database anew.

When the information needs of the enterprise are identified, the question is resolved: who will replenish the database and who will use it. Service personnel (operators, dispatchers, engineers) replenish the database, managers of different levels use the information. For convenience, data entry is made in special forms (screens), and data output in the form of reports.

In fig. 3 shows the information model of an enterprise that solves the problem of accounting for incentives, penalties, training and retraining of personnel, as well as motivating personnel to improve the quality of work.

In fig. 3 shows two servers, since the ACS server of the KTI may not be included in the local network of one enterprise, for example, it may include information flows from both rolling stock repair enterprises and rolling stock maintenance enterprises, as well as from workstations of auditors on traffic safety. Double arrows show information flows going in both directions. Workstations are connected with such arrows, although the real transfer of information is carried out through the enterprise server.

Figure: 3. Enterprise information model

After all objects and their attributes are defined, data that does not change for a long time are identified, in addition, identical groups of attributes are identified in different objects; non-changing attribute groups are combined into independent tables (databases). In the considered example, the data is divided into three tables - see fig. 4. In the tables "Table 2" and "Table 3" data are entered that have a reference character (not changing attributes). These tables are called parent tables. Table "Table 1" should contain frequently changing data, it is called a child table.

Relationships are established between the tables "1: ∞", they are called "one to many". The meaning of these links is that one record of the parent table is connected to many records of the child table, which have the same values \u200b\u200bof key fields (in table layouts they are in bold), by which the links are established.

Figure: 4. Tables with established links

When a local network is working, different users are assigned different access rights (full access, read and edit, read only). Limited access - only reading; access denied - means that this menu item is not available. After defining tasks and access rules, a custom menu is built. For example, for the workstation of the personnel department, the menu has the form shown in Fig. five.

Figure: 5. Menu system of the workstation of the personnel department

In fig. 5 shows the menu items of the workstation of the enterprise, available from the workstation of the personnel department. So the item of the main menu "Complaints" is available for other workstations, for example, for the workstation of the head of the enterprise.

Questions for self-control lectures

1) List the main stages of workstation design?

2) What does the stage of AWS design - "Marketing research" include?

3) What does the contractor perform at the final stage of the workstation design?

4) What is the conceptual modeling of the professional environment?

Goals and objectives of lecture number 4

The purpose of this lecture is to teach the basic concepts of normalized databases.

To achieve this goal, this lecture sets the following tasks:

Show the purpose of database normalization;

Formulate the requirements of the first, second and third forms of normalization;

Show the functionality of the Access DBMS;

Show with specific examples the processes of creating and linking tables;

Show with specific examples the processes of creating forms and reports in the Acces DBMS.

4.1. Understanding Normalized Databases

After conceptual modeling of the professional environment, that is, identifying information objects that require input, storage, modification and transmission, it is necessary to structure the information in the most convenient form for working with it.

In computers, information is stored in two-dimensional tables (databases). Typically, data is linked to each other by the condition of their functional suitability or by belonging to the same object.

Functional suitability data means that specific data is needed by a specific user.

Object is an element of the information system, information about which must be stored and transmitted to specific users. Each object has a specific set of properties, which are called attributes object.

In 1970 E. Codd proposed the concept relational database, which is currently implemented in all DBMS (database management systems) and is the only one used. Relational or attitude Is a description of objects using a table, the rows of which represent single object records, and the values \u200b\u200bof the object's attributes are placed in the fields of each column.

When designing a relational database, it is necessary to decide on the most efficient table structure that allows:

Provide quick access to data;

Eliminate unnecessary repetition of records or attribute groups;

Ensure data integrity when data changes or individual records are deleted.

Reducing data to an efficient structure is called normalization... Normalization theory operates with the first, second, third normal forms of tables, the Codd-Boyes form, as well as with the fourth and fifth normal forms. When passing from one normal form to another, the redundancy of information decreases. Each subsequent normal form must meet the requirements of the previous form and some additional conditions.

4.2. First, second and third normal forms

Thus, normalization of tables consists in splitting them into several new tables with the addition of new key fields and establishing relationships between tables. It is believed that the first three forms are sufficient for practical use in databases of small number of objects.

In tables first normal form there should be no duplicate records or repeating groups of fields in different records. To bring a table to the first normal form, you need to remove repeating groups of fields from it and form a separate table from them. Then the two tables need to be linked.

In a relational database, each table must have key. Key or composite key Is a field or combination of fields that identifies each record in a table. In addition, by key fields, the required records are searched or sorted by some conditions, and different tables are linked together. Relationships between tables are needed to connect data from one table to data from another.

Relational databases allow the following types of relationships between tables: "one to one" and One-to-many.

Communication "one to one" just concatenates the data of the two tables. It is sometimes impractical to store this data in one table due to information security (secrecy) considerations. Different parts of the information may have different access for its users.

Communication One-to-many means that one record from one table (parent, parent, primary) can join with several records of another table (child, linked).

The table is in second normal formif it satisfies the conditions of the first normal form and each non-key field in it is uniquely identified by the full set of key fields (primary key). In this case, the primary key is a composite of several fields.

The table is in third normal formif it satisfies the conditions of the first two normal forms and no non-key table field is identified by another non-key field. If the relationship between two non-key fields is identified, then they must be allocated in a separate table.

Customer details

Table rows are called records... Each record describes one object, and as you can see from the tables, the record contains several table cells that store specific information about the objects. The table cells that make up the record are called margins... Each field has a strictly defined data type. So, for example, the fields of table number 2 part number, telephone - numeric, and fields company, address and the leader– text.

The relationship between two tables is organized by means of common fields or key fields, that is, identical in format and, as a rule, by name, available in both tables. Common fields in the