Practical work number 1
"File archiving"

By doing this practical work, you will learn:

archive files with different compression values.

Work technology:

Create in my own working folder (folder with your group) the following folders: folder with your last name, in it folders Archives.

Run the program WinRar.

Open a folder with the source material on the teacher's computer practical work Workshop. Three types of files are stored in this folder. .doc, .bmp, .exe.

Answer a question in writing in a notebook, what type of documents have the above extensions?

Copy in folder Archives Files from the folder Workshop.

Archive graphic file and compare the sizes of both files. To do this, follow these steps:

Right mouse button highlight the type file.BMP

Click on the button Add to archive…The dialog box will appear specifying archiving parameters.

By default, the archive file has the name of the source file.

If you need to set a different archive name, then enter it in the input field.

Select the format of the archive file, such as RAR.

Leave the remaining parameters unchanged.

Click on the button OK.

Compare the sizes of the source file and archive. Data contribute to B. table 1.

Archivate the type file.doc and compare the sizes of both files. Data contribute to B. table 1.

Archivate a type file.exe and compare the sizes of both files. Data contribute to B. table 1.

Delete the source files.

Archive files in archive format Zip.. Fill in Table 1. Data received.

Attention!!! It is possible to pack files with their subsequent removal if such a method was selected.

Table 1

Format archive

File name and extension

Source size

Size after archiving

When creating a new archive, you need to set the archiving parameters. First of all, you must specify the name of the archive file and the location of it to save on the disk. Next, you need to choose archiving format RAR or ZIP (ZIP format is widespread, and rAR method Provides more opportunities and stronger compression).

In both formats, six are supported. archiving methods: without compression, high-speed, fast, usual, good and maximum. The maximum method provides the highest compression ratio, but at the lowest speed. On the contrary, the high-speed compresses bad, but very quickly. The method without compression simply places files to the archive without their packaging. If you create an archive for transferring computer networks Or for long-term storage, it makes sense to choose the maximum method to get the best compression. If you create a daily backup of data, then, as a rule, it is better to use the usual method. The following archive parameter is the size of the dictionary. It can take values \u200b\u200b64, 128, 256, 512 and 1024 KB. The larger the size of the dictionary, the better, but slower compression.

WinRAR allows you to create multi-volume archives, that is, archives consisting of several parts. Toms usually used to save big Archive on multiple diskettes or other replaceable media. The first volume of the archive has normal expansion Gag, and the expansion of subsequent volumes is numbered as R00, R01, R02, and so on.

Archive can be Continuous (allows you to achieve maximum compression ratio) and self-extracting (SFX, from English. Self-extracting). To unzip such an archive, you do not need a special program, it is enough to run the file archive to execute, as it is executable file and has an extension .exe.

Additional special method can be used to archive audio and graphic files. multimedia compressionwhere it can be achieved by a 30% higher compression ratio than in conventional compression.

1. Launch excel program (Start Microsoft programs Excel). 2. Create a new workbook (Create button on the standard toolbar) 3. Double-click on the current working sheet shortcut and give this working sheet data. 4. Let the Save command command as and save the workbook under your name _____. XLS and save on the desktop. 5. Make the current A1 cell and enter the measurement results header. 6. Enter arbitrary numbers to the sequential cells of the column A, starting from the A2 cell. 7. Enter a double value into the line in the cell. 8. Enter the square value in the C1 cell. 9. Enter the next number in the cell D1 to the cell. 10. Enter the formula \u003d 2 * A2 into the B2 cell. 11. Enter into the C2 cell formula \u003d A2 * A2. 12. Enter the formula \u003d B2 + C2 + 1 into the cell D2. 13. Highlight the cell stretching B2, C2 and D2. 14. Move the mouse pointer to the fill marker in the lower right corner of the frame covering the dedicated range. Press the left mouse button and move this marker so that the frame will cover as many rows in columns B, C and D, how many numbers in column A. 15. Make sure that the formulas are automatically modified so as to work with the cell value in the column and the current Lines. 16. Change one of the values \u200b\u200bin the column A and make sure that the corresponding values \u200b\u200bin the columns B, C and D are automatically recalculated in the same line. 17. Enter a large-scale multiplier into the E1 cell. 18. Enter the number 5. 19 in the E2 cell. Enter the scaling into the F1 cell. 20. Enter the formula \u003d A2 * E2 into the cell F2. 21. Use the auto-complete method to copy this formula into column F cells corresponding to the filled column cells A. 22. Ensure that the scaling result was incorrect. This is due to the fact that the E2 address in the formula is specified by a relative reference. 23. Click on the F2 cell, then in the formula row. Set the text cursor on the E2 link and press the F4 key. Make sure that the formula now looks like \u003d a2 * $ e $ 2, and press the ENTER key. 24. Repeat the column F formula from the F2 cell. 25. Ensure that, thanks to the use of the absolute addressing, the values \u200b\u200bof the column F cells are now calculated correctly. Save the workbook _____. XLS. And we learned how to enter text and numeric data into electronic excel tables. We learned how to enter and calculate the formulas. We also found out how to copy the formula by the method of autofill, and was determined, in what cases the relative and absolute links should be used. Increased archive controllers WinZip and WinRar 1. Preparation for work on this literature to explore: theoretical basis of data compression; compression methods; compression formats with loss and without loss of information; method of assessing the degree of compression; algorithms for reversible compression methods; software data compression; Requirements made to dispatchers archives working with them. 2. Control issues 1. On the examples, explain the properties that cause data compression. 2. How to evaluate the degree of file compression? 3. List the factors defining compression efficiency? 4. What objects, and in what situations are subject to compression? 5. Explan the essence and scope of compression methods. 6. List compression formats with loss of information and the scope of their application. 7. What types of data and why are the compression methods with regulated loss of information apply? 8. List compression formats without losing information and the area of \u200b\u200bthem is applied. 9. Explain the fundamental principles of reversible compression methods. 10. Why are modern archiving tools call archives dispatchers? 11. Give the concept of self-extracting archive. How is it created? 12. Give the concept of a distributed archive. What is the difference between the process of creating a distributed archive of WinRar dispatchers from WinZip? 13. How to protect archives? 14. What service functions are inherent in archives dispatchers

150.000₽ Provisted Fund 11 Honorary Documents Certificate Publication in Media

Purpose of work -development of professional skills of working with archivers, on the example of archiversarjarj.

Tasks of work:

obtaining skills and skills in processing file group group Arjs;

receiving skills and skills in adding, moving, viewing, removing and deleting files using Arj archiver.

Reference and methodical material

Data archiving has many goals. This is primarily creating archived backup copies of important documents or programs. Also, due to archiving, it is possible to significantly reduce the size of the disk space occupied by the program or document. Special programs are used to create archives. They can be divided into two classes: Packaging programs (archivers) and programs reserve copy.

Programs - Packersallowed by applying specialized compression methods to create copies of smaller files and combine copies of multiple files to one archive file.

Backup programsdesigned to copy information from a hard disk to other removable media (for example, CDs).

Packaging programs (archiving) files allow you to place copies of files on the disk in a compressed form to the archive file, remove files from the archive, view the contents of the archives, etc. Different programs are distinguished by the format of archival falams, speed of work, degree of compression of files when placed in archive and ease of use.

The most common packaging programs have approximately the same features. And different types of data are better compressed different programs.

An important point when data archiving is the problem of reversible compressed data. If only the change in their structure occurs when the data is compressed, then the compression method is reversible. From the resulting code, you can restore the original array by applying the reverse method. Reversible methods are used to compress any data types. Characteristic compression formats without loss of information are:

Gif, .tif, .pcx and many others for graphic data;

AVI for video data;

Zip, .arj, .par, .lzh, .lh, .cab and many.

Compression Methods with information loss (irreversible compression) usually provide a much higher compression ratio than reversible methods, but they cannot be applied to text documents, databases, and, moreover, to the program code. Characteristic compression formats with loss of information are:

JPG for graphic data;

MPG for video data;

MPZ for audio data.

The most popular data compression formats widely used in everyday work with a computer are formats .Zip ,.rar I.arj.

Arj. program(Developer - Robert K. JUNG) refers to the number of the most well-known products of its class. It performs all the functions for servicing your archives, can place files in the archive, remove files from the archive, and do "self-extracting" files and so on.

ArJ allows you to:

create archive files from individual or all files of the current directory and its subdirectories by downloading into one archive to 32000 files;

add and replace files in the archive;

remove and delete files from the archive;

view the contents of the archive;

create a multi-volume archive;

protect each of the 32-bit cyclic files placed in the file archive, test the archive, checking the security in it;

receive help on work in 3 international languages;

enter the file comments to the file;

memorize in the file archive to files;

save a few generations in the archive (versions) of the same file;

reordering the archive file in size of files, names, extensions, date and time of modification, compression ratio, etc.;

search for strings in archived files;

restore files from destroyed archives;

create self-extracting archives both on one volume and on several volumes;

view the contents of text files contained in the archive;

provide information protection in the archive and access to files placed in the archive, by password.

To receive a brief help on the screen, it is enough to enter the name of the program: ArJ on the command prompt.

To obtain deployed assistance and examples of task commands, you should enter:

Arj -? or ARJ /?

To download the program and execute the necessary functions, the command line format is used, where the name of the program and the parameters are separated by spaces:

ARJ.<команда> [-<кл1> [-<кл2>...]] <имя_архива> [<список_имен_файлов>]

Required parameters command line - these are two parameters:<команда> and<имя_архива>.

As a list of file names, you can use the template (mask).

Parameter<команда> It is written as a single symbol after the program name and sets the archiving function in accordance with the application table 1.

Parameter<имя_архива> Specifies the name of the archive file and recorded by general rules MS DOS, but without specifying the extension, which when creating a new file is assigned automatically. The name of the archive can be recorded indicating the path to the file. The default archive processes archive files having an extension .ar.

A self-extracting archive file is created with an extension. Such a file contains the unpacking software module, and the ARJ program is not required to retrieve files from it.

The keys specify the action of the archiving command, and there may be several of them. Each key starts with the symbol "-" and can be placed anywhere in the command line after the command. The sign of the key except the symbol "-" may be a symbol "/". Commands and keyword keys Arj can be entered into the command line in any register. The main keys of Arj archiver are presented in Table 2 of Annex 3.

Table 4 presents some commands of the Archiver Archiver Working with the file system and archives.

Table 4 - The main commands of the archiver Arj.

Receive reference information
Copying all the fals of the current directory in the archive	Arja.<имя архива>
Move all files of the current directory to archive	ARJM.<имя архива>
View archive content	ARJ L.<имя архива>
Deleting files from the archive	Arjd.<имя архива> <шаблон>
Extract all files from the archive to the current directory	ARJ E.<имя архива>
Archiving Structure of catalogs	Arj -r.<имя архива>
Removing the structure of catalogs	ARJX<имя архива>
Skip files when adding to archive	ARJ.<имя архива> -X.<шаблон>
Creating a multi-volume archive	Arj-V [v] [w]<имя архива>
Removing files from a multi-volume archive	ARJE-V.<имя архива>

Procedure for performing work

Copy Arj.exe archiver to TEMP directory.

Create a BAT file that performs the following commands:

1. Copy all TEMP directory files to archive named Arsh1.

   View the contents of Arch1 archive.

   Extract all files from the Arch1 archive to the current directory, and the files with the same name must be climbed without warning.

   Delete Arch1 Archive from the current directory.

   Move all files from the current directory to the archive named Arch2 with additional control of the correctness of the files moved to the archive archive.

   Extract all files from the Arch2 archive to the current directory.

   Move the file group with the TXT extension to the text archive.

   Create Invert Archive Where to Copy All TEMP directory files, excluding Arch2 and Text.

   Check the integrity of the Invert archive.

   Create a DIR archive in the temp directory, where to move all the files and subdirectories of this directory, excluding the archives of Arch2 and Text.

   Extract the structure from the DIR archive.

   Create a multi-volume TOM archive that includes everything text files With the extension TXT, the size of the volume is 360 KB.

   Add All files with the expansion of the current directory in the multivolume archive TOM.

   Extract all files from the second TOM archive volume into the current directory.

   Add all TEMP directory files to archive with password archive (password - student surname).

title page;

goals and objectives of laboratory work;

task for laboratory work;

the results of the work performed.

Control questions

What is data archiving?

What is the packer programs?

What is the assignment of backup programs?

What is a reversible data compression?

What is compression with loss of information?

Name the compression formats without loss.

What are the most popular programs for archivers?

List of terms:

archiving, Packaging Program, Backup Program, Compression Method.

System protection

Purpose of work: Examine theoretical information and get practical experience of running and setting up a backup and data recovery program and system Windows Server 2003.

Brief information From theory

The archiving program helps protect the data from a random loss if the system or media fails in the system. For example, using the archiving program, you can create a backup copy of the hard disk data, and then create an archive on another storage device. The archive carrier may be a logical disk (for example, hDD), separate device (such as removable drive) or a whole library of discs or tapes driven by a Robotic changer. When accidentally deleting or replacing the source data on the hard disk due to its failure, data can be easily restored from the archive copy.

The two most common tasks are file archiving to a file or on the tape and restore files from a file or from a tape. You can also archive data from the command line.

To protect the system from a serious failure, you can use the archiving tool to regularly create a system of emergency recovery system (ASR). The system recovery wizard creates an archiving consisting of two stages that can be used to restore the system after all other unsuccessful recovery attempts or after replacement hard disk. ASR archives system status, system services and all discs associated with components of the operating system. In addition, he creates boot diskcontaining archiving information, disk configurations (including basic and dynamic volumes) and instructions for recovering. It is necessary to create a new ASR set after any significant change in the system, as well as regularly as part of the full archiving plan.

Some of the most common tasks are the creation of a system recovery set using the archiving program and restore the system after a failure using the system of emergency recovery system.

Description of the laboratory installation and

Computer running Microsoft Windows 2000 / XP operating system, virtual vMWare machine Workstation with installed operating microsoft system Windows Server 2003.

Instructions for performance

Task 1. Archiving files to a file or on a tape

To start the archive, click Start And select Teams All programs, Standard, Service and Data archiving.

By default, archiving and recovery programs are started in the wizard mode (Fig. 3.), if this mode is not disabled. It is possible to use this wizard or go to the next step in Advanced mode.

Fig. 3. Window "Welcome"

Select the tab Archivingand then in the menu The task Select Team Create.

Select files and folders for archiving by checking the checkboxes in the list. Check the boxes for all objects you want to archive.

In the list Location archive Select one of the options.

· To archive files or folders to file, select item File. This option is selected by default.

· To archive files and folders on the tape, select a magnetic tape drive.

In field Archive media or file name Perform one of the actions.

· To archive files and folders to the file, enter the path and name of the archive file (.bkf) or click Overviewto find it.

· To archive files and folders to the tape, select the desired tape.

Set archiving settings - archive type and log file type by selecting in the menu Service Team Parameters. After that click OK.

Press the button Archive and make changes in the dialog box Archiving task information.

To set additional archiving options, such as data check or hardware compression, click Additionally. By installing additional archiving settings, click OK.

To start archiving, click Archive.

Notes:

Start And select Teams All programs, Standard, Service and Data archiving.

· If the archiving or recovery wizard does not start by default, to use it, select on the tab Welcome! Team Master Master.

· Some magnetic tape drives may not support hardware compression.

· System status data includes most system configuration elements, but these are not all information that may be required to restore the system after failure. Therefore, when archiving the system is recommended to create backup copies of all boot and system volumes, including data on the status of the system.

· Archiving data status data is possible only for a local computer. The system status data for a remote computer cannot be archived.

· Archive files usually have extension. BKF. You can use any extension, but it is recommended to use extension. BKF, which has file mappings, which will ensure the recognition of the archive file.

Task 2. Restore files from file or with tape

Run the archiving application.

By default, archiving and recovery programs are started in the wizard mode, if this mode is not disabled.

Select the tab Restoration and control of the carrier and in the list Check the boxes for all objects you want to restore Check the boxes for the files and folders you want to restore.

In the list Restore Files B. Select one of the options.

· Source placementIf you want to restore files and folders from the archive to the folder (or folders), where they were before archiving. Go to step 6.

· Alternative accommodationIf you need to restore files and folders from the archive to the specified folder. This parameter allows you to save the archive data folder structure. All archive folders and subfolders will appear in the specified additional folder.

· Single folderIf you need to restore files and folders from the archive to the specified folder. When this parameter is selected, the archival data folder structure is not saved. Files will be restored only in the specified folder.

If the option is selected Alternative accommodation or Single folderEnter in the field Alternative accommodation Path to the desired folder or click Overviewto find it.

On the menu Service Select Team Parameters, go to the tab Restoration And do one of the actions.

· If during the recovery you should not replace the files already available on the hard disk, select Option Do not replace the file on the computer.

· If during the recovery you need to replace the old files on the disk with new files from the archive, select Option Replace the file on the computer only if it is old.

· If during the recovery you need to replace the files on the local disk, regardless of how dated files in the archive, select option.

· Press the button OK.To accept the specified recovery parameters.

Press the button Restore.

If you want to change the additional recovery settings, for example, restoring security settings and data points data, click Additionally. After completing the task additional parametersClick the button OK.

Press the button OKTo start recovery.

Attention!

· If the option is selected Always replace the file on the computerIn the presence of the current working file in the archive, the corresponding file on the disk can be replaced, and its data is lost.

· The archive program allows you to archive and restore FAT16, FAT32 and NTFS volumes. The data obtained from the NTFS volume is recommended to restore the same version on the NTFS volume in order to prevent their loss. Some file Systems Can support not all the capabilities of other file systems.

Notes:

· To perform this procedure, you must enter the group administrators or archive operators on local computer Or get the appropriate authority by delegation. If the computer is attached to the domain, members of the domain administrators group can perform this procedure. At the same time, for security reasons, it is recommended to use the start command on behalf.

· To start the archive, click Start And select Teams All programs, Standard, Service and Data archiving.

· Restore files can also be done using the recovery wizard by selecting in the menu Service Team Wizard recovery.

· To archive and restore the database files microsoft data SQL Server is recommended to use the built-in service Programs Archiving and restoring SQL.

· To restore the status of the domain controller system, you must first start the computer in the directory service recovery mode. This will allow you to restore the SYSVOL directory and the Active Directory directory database.

· Restore system status data is possible only on a local computer. Restore system status data on remote computer It is impossible.

· Archive and administrators can archive and restore encrypted files and folders without deciphering them.

Task 3. Creating a set of emergency recovery system using the archiving program

Run the archiving application.

Fig. 4. Archiving program window Tab "Archiving"

By default, archiving and recovery programs are started in the wizard mode, if this mode is not disabled. You can use the archiving wizard or recovery wizard to create a system recovery set (ASR) by selecting All information on this computer In chapter Select objects to archive. Otherwise, you can proceed to the next step to create a set of ASR using Advanced mode.

On the menu Service Select Team System Emergency Recovery Wizard.

Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.

Attention! It is necessary to have a 1,44 MB to save the system to save the system parameters and the storage media for the archive files.

Notes:

· To perform this procedure, you must enter the Administrators or archive operators on the local computer or obtain the appropriate authority by delegation. If the computer is attached to the domain, members of the domain administrators group can perform this procedure. At the same time, for security reasons, it is recommended to use the start command on behalf.

· In the course of the implementation of this procedure will only be archived system filesnecessary to start the operating system. The data should be archived separately.

· After creating an ASR set, you should mark this floppy disk and the archive carrier and store them together. To use the archive medium, you must have a floppy disk that was created with a set of carriers. It is impossible to use a floppy disk created at another time or with another set of carriers. Also to perform emergency recovery system should have installation CD.

· Store ASR set in a safe place. The ASR kit contains the system configuration information that can be used to cause harm to the system.

· If the server cluster archiving is archived, run the system of preparing the system recovery system on all cluster nodes and make sure that the cluster service works when creating each ASR archive. Make sure that one of the nodes on which the system of preparing the system recovery system is launched is the owner of the quorum resource during the work of the wizard.

Task 4. Restoring the system after a failure using the system of emergency recovery system

Before starting the recovery procedure, make sure that the following items are available:

· Pre-created emergency recovery diskette system;

· Pre-created media archive;

· Initial installation CD operating system;

· If there is a storage controller, which requires a separate driver file (different from files available from the installation CD), you should get this file (on a diskette) before starting the procedure.

Insert the source installation CD of the operating system in the CD drive.

Restart the computer. When the prompt appears on the screen, press the key to boot from the CD. Press the corresponding key.

If there is a separate driver file, as described in step 1, use the driver as part of the installer by pressing the F6 key in response to an appropriate invitation.

Press the F2 key when the appropriate invitation appears at the beginning of the installation text step. An invitation to insert a pre-created diskette of the system recovery system will be displayed.

If there is a separate driver file, as described in step 1, press the F6 key (second time) when an appropriate invitation appears after rebooting the system.

Follow the directions that appear on the screen.

Notes:

· The presence of physical access to the server reduces system security. To create a safer environment, you need to limit physical access to all servers and network equipment.

· When uneasy restoration, the data files are not restored.

· When restoring the cluster of servers, all nodes of which are faulty and the quorum disk cannot be restored from the archive, you should use the system restore system on each node in the source cluster to restore the disk signatures and markup sections of the cluster discs (quoruminous and unquerous).

Control questions

1. List the types of data backup archives.

2. List the button "Welcome" archiving programs.

3. What is the shadow copies mechanism?

4. Name the options for archiving system data.

5. What information is presented in the data archiving report?

6. What information is presented in the report on the establishment of a backup copy of the system?

Laboratory work: Deploy and update software. Manage applications on a local computer. Job Planning

Purpose of work: Examine theoretical information and gain practical experience of running and setting up software and remove program programs, as well as job scheduler in Windows Server 2003.

Brief information from theory

You can use the "Install and Delete Programs" component of the control panel to install, update or control the application on the local computer.

The most common task is to install or update software on a local computer.

Application management involves adding or deleting applications, changing the application setting or planning the application launch in set time. You can use the "Install and Delete Programs" component of the control panel to add or delete an application, change the existing application, restore the damaged application or to add or delete windows components. You can use the task or command scheduler Time To plan the launch of the application at a specified time.

You can also update operating system and other software Microsoft using the Windows Update tool at the Help and Support Center to download items, such as security fixes, key updates, latest help files, drivers and Internet products.

Some of the most common tasks are adding, deleting or change the application and planning the application start at a specified time. You can also run the application in the scheduled time from the command line using the time command.

Objective: Development of professional skills to work with archivers.

Tasks of work:

Processing group file archiver Arj.

Adding, Move, View, Removing, Deleting Files.

Title page.

Objectives and objectives of laboratory work.

Task for laboratory work.

The results of the work performed.

Data archiving has many goals. This is primarily the creation of archived backups Important documents or programs. Also, due to archiving, it is possible to significantly reduce the size of the disk space occupied by the program or document. To create archives used special programs. They can be divided into two classes: Packaging programs (archivers) and backup programs.

Programs - Packers allow you through the use of specialized compression methods to create copies of smaller files and combine copies of several files to one archive file.

Backup programs are designed to copy information from a hard disk to other removable media (for example, CDs).

Packaging programs (archiving) of files allow you to place copies of files on the disk in a compressed vidiev archive file, remove files from the archive, view the contents of archives, etc. Different programs are distinguished by the format of archival falams, speed of work, degree of compression of files when placed in archive and ease of use.

The most common packaging programs have approximately the same features .. and different types of data are better compressed by different programs. Among the most famous programs are the most common: ARJ, ZIP, RAR.

The main commands of the archiver Arj.

Task for laboratory work

1. Copy from the diskette Arj.exe to the TEMP directory.

2. Create a BAT file that performs the following commands:

2.1 .Copy all TEMP directory files to archive named Arsh1.

2.2. See the contents of Arch1 archive.

2.3.The remote all files from the Arch1 archive to the current directory, and the files with the same name must be climbing without warning.

2.4. Release Arch1 Archive from the current catalog.

2.5. Permanent all files from the current directory to the archive named Arch2 with the additional control of the correctness of the files moved to the archive archive.

2.6. Move all files from the Arch2 archive to the current directory.

2.7. Delete a group of files with the TXT extension to the text archive.

2.8. Create an Invert Archive where to copy all the TEMP directory files, excluding Arch2 and Text.

2.9. Check the integrity of the Invert archive.

2.10. Create a DIR archive in the temp directory, where to move all the files and subdirectories of this directory, excluding the Arch2 and Text archives.

2.11. Empty structure from the DIR archive.

2.12. Create a multi-volume TOM archive, which includes all text files with the TXT extension, volume size of 360 KB.

2.13. Add all files with the expansion of the PAS of the current directory in the multivolume archive of Tom.

2.14. Move all files from the second TOM archive volume in the current directory.

2.15. Add all the TEMP directory files to the archive with a password archive (password - student surname).