Many people came across sharp voltage jumps, as a result of which all household appliances in the house fail. Is it possible to somehow prevent them from and protecting expensive devices from breakage? In this article we will analyze, what are they and how they work.

Modern power grid, unfortunately, do not provide a constant voltage in the outlet. Depending on the place of residence, the number of subscribers and the power of devices on the same line, the voltage can vary greatly in the range from 180 to 240 volts.

Modern stabilizer looks like

But most of the current electronics are extremely negative about such experiments, since the limit for it is jumping to + -10 volts. For example, a TV or a computer can simply turn off if the voltage falls to 210, which happens quite often, especially in the evening.

It is not necessary to count on the fact that in the coming years, the power grid will be upgraded. Therefore, citizens need to independently take care of the "alignment" of the voltage and protection of the power grid. Everything that needs to be - acquire a stabilizer.

What it is

The stabilizer is called a device that aligns the voltage in the network, feeding the necessary 220 volts to the device. Most modern inexpensive stabilizers operate in the + -10% range of the desired indicator, that is, "equalizing" jumps in the range from 200 to 240 volts. If you have more serious sections, you need to select the device for more expensive - some models are able to "pull" the line from 180 volts.

Modern voltage stabilizers these are small devices that work completely silently, and do not buzz, as their "ancestors" from the USSR. They can work on the network 220 and 380 volts (you need to select when buying).

In addition to the voltage drop, high-quality stabilizers are "cleaned" line from garbage pulses, interference and overloads. We recommend that you be sure to use such devices in everyday life, establishing them at the entrance to the apartment or at least for each important household appliance (boiler, work computer, etc.). But it is better not to risk an expensive technique, but to acquire a normal leveling device.

Now that you knowthink how much money he can save you. Simultaneously in the apartment works a large number of The techniques are a washing machine, a computer, a TV, a dishwasher, the phone is charged, etc. If a jump occurs, then all this may fail, and the damage will be applied to dozens, or even hundreds of thousands of rubles. Prove in court that the cause of the vehicle breakdown was a voltage jump, almost impossible, Therefore, you will have to pay for the repair and get a new one for your money.

Principle of operation of the stabilizer

Types of stabilizers

At the moment there are three types of stabilizers different from each other according to the principle of alignment:

1. Digital.
2. Relay.
3. Servo drives.

The most practical, convenient and reliable are digital or electronic devices. They work due to the presence of thyristor keys. The main advantage of such systems is the minimum response time, absolute silentness, small size. Of the minuses - the price, they are usually 30-50% more expensive than other devices.

Relay systems belong to the average price segment. They work due to switching power relays, including and turning off the corresponding windings on the transformer.Relay voltage stabilizers for home are considered optimal. The main advantages of the device are available prices, fast response speed. Minus - a short service life. The usual relay is withstanding about 40-50 thousand switches, after which the contacts wear out and begin to shindle. If you have a rather stable network, the relay system will work for several years. But if failures happen several times a day, it may fail for one and a half or two years.

Servo-type devices have low cost and operate due to changes in the number of turns involved by the transformer. Their switching occurs due to the movement of the servo, switching contact, as on the retake. The main plus of these systems is an affordable price. Minus - low reliability and long response time.

How to choose correctly

Now you know,for home. Consider how to choose the device.

First of all, you need to determine how many devices will work at the same time. For example, if you are in the kitchen, then you turn on the electric kettle, microwave and dishwasher. In the hall is a TV and a computer, in the bathroom washing. At the same time, the apartment does not turn off the fridge and the individual heating boiler - these devices also consume 200-300 watts.

You can learn the power of devices by passport. But be sure to consider that manufacturers indicate active power, and not real.

Stabilizer mounting method after meter

Attention:for the correct counting, you need to know the full installation power, and not its operating mode. The refrigerator during operation consumes 100 watts per hour, but at start the engine requires 300-500 watts of reactive energy. Therefore, always take the device with a margin.

For example, the consumption of your apartment is 2000 watt. This is a very real figure for classic "doubles" with modern technique, and not equipped with powerful consumers such as boiler, electroups and a hob. To take into account the full power, you need to add 20%. You should also understand that if the network is asked for 20 volts, the transformer loses 20% of its power. As a result, the total stock will reach 30-40%, and you will need to acquire a stabilizer with a power of 2000 * 0.4 + 2000 \u003d 2800-watt device.

This is all the necessary information aboutvoltage stabilizer: what it is and how he works you now know. It remains to figure out how to connect it correctly. It is recommended to install it immediately at the meter, to the electrical panel, although it is possible to cling and separately on the desired lines. The device must be grounded so that in case of problems it led the current and protects your technique. To connect it is better to invite an experienced electrician.

Why do you need a voltage stabilizer?

Useful information about voltage stabilizers

The growth rate of the energy transportation of our life has reached impressive vertices - from light bulb lighting and iron in the 50s, to personal computers, home theaters and various combines in our day. The growth of electric consumption in the industry is even more significant. Recently, the position with the quality of the power supply was aggravated with the advent of energy-intensive equipment and technologies, which are based on the switching principle (with the help of relays, contactors, thyristors and personal computers). This was the cause of such power cuts such as high-frequency pulses and distortion of the sinusoidal form of voltage and current.

Unfortunately, the efforts of electricity suppliers of electricity not only cannot guarantee consumers of stable voltage in terms of voltage, but also exacerbate the problem. Thus, electricity suppliers, and this is no secret, often raise the voltage in low-voltage networks from 220-380 V (± 5%) to 230/400 V (± 10%). As a result, all connected electrical equipment designed for voltage 220 V will consume (and it will be paid) by 9.3% more energy than necessary. These and other disorders of the quality of the power supply can lead not only to the failure of the equipment, the failures of the process and data loss, but also to human victims (in case of refusal of life support and fire extinguishing).

For example, consider different electrical devices and the effect that has excessive and insufficient voltage on them.

In electric motors, the starting torque varies depending on the voltage as follows. If the voltage is below the nominal 10%, the moment falls by 20% and the heating of the windings increases by approximately 7 degrees. If the voltage is higher than the nominal 10%, the current grows by 12%, heating by 10 degrees and energy consumption by 21%.

In lighting systems, an increased 10% voltage increases the luminous flux by 30% and reduces the lamp resource, on average, by 40%. Energy consumption increases by 21%. Reducing the voltage on this magnitude in gas-filled lamps leads to the loss of emitted light by about 42%.

In the equipment, which includes heating elements, insufficient voltage (-10%) leads to the fact that the processes that should be spent, for example, 4 hours will last 5 hours, since the amount of heat selected changes in proportion to the voltage square.

Since the problem is not new and all of the above is well known, significant efforts are being made to specialists in various levels in the direction of more rational use of energy resources. And the most effective measure of energy saving with a minimum of capital investments - stabilization of voltage.

Voltage stabilizer is a device that guarantees the production of stabilized voltage of 220 volts, regardless of its value in the supply network.

The simplest stabilizers are electromechanical on the basis of the autotransformer, where brushes are driven along the secondary winding with a reversing engine. The engine receives control voltage based on the output voltage measurement.

This system during the warranty period is fully operational, however, with further operation, especially in our Russian conditions, with frequent voltage drops, there is a risk of failure of a mechanical drive of brushes and intersensional closures of windings due to their erasure. Therefore, such properties of this stabilizer, as an increased fire hazard, with an increase in its power and large inertia, are a significant "contraindication" for the nutrition of equipment demanding to the quality of nutrition.

Electronic stabilizers based on electronic keys (thyristors), react much faster to changes in the voltage in the network and are equipped with protection systems as a load and the stabilizer itself.

Using voltage stabilizer allows:

• ensure not only energy savings due to the elimination of stress deficiencies in the network, but also - the growth of the resource and productivity of the equipment due to the fact that it is not exposed to unexpected changes in supply voltage and works on the voltage to which it is calculated;
• reduced service costs, because The resource of the equipment is increasing - the period of replacement of individual nodes or equipment as a whole is lengthened due to the long-term preservation of their performance. The number of breakdowns and failures is also reduced by eliminating the risk factor;
• adaptation of equipment designed for the 220/380 volt network, when moving to a 230/400 volt network without additional investment. The modern stabilizer will always provide the required voltage, and therefore, the predicted characteristics of the equipment and energy consumption.

Therefore, the use of stabilization of voltage is the most affordable and effective measure of energy saving, especially in conditions when energy management is key to electricity consumption.

The generation of voltage stabilizers developed by NPP Inteps is the optimal solution in terms of price / quality ratio, and the uniqueness of a number of technical specifications and functionality Stabilizers are able to satisfy specific equipment nutrition requirements.

How to choose a voltage stabilizer Lider

Every day we live a full-fledged life, at work and at home, and this is helped by all sorts of electrical equipment that has become an integral part of our life.

We know that the best means to protect the electrical appliances is the stabilizer. There is no longer a question: buy or not buy a stabilizer, the question arises - what to choose? This is where this memo will come in handy. We will not start in long clarification for each specific case. We only give a number useful Sovietswhich should be guided when choosing a Lider stabilizer.

1. To begin with, it is necessary to determine which of the stabilizers is necessary - single-phase or three-phase.

If your network has three-phase consumers (engines, pumps), the choice is obvious - a three-phase stabilizer is necessary. It is also possible if the total load exceeds 7-10 kVA (for single-phase household, office and other techniques). It is very important that the load on each phase does not exceed the permissible power value for the voltage stabilizer at this phase.

2. At the next stage of the selection of the voltage stabilizer, it is necessary to determine the total power consumed by all electrical appliances.

For example: computer + TV + heater \u003d 400 W + 300 W + 1500 W \u003d 2200 W.

Power consumed by a specific device can be found from the passport or instruction manual. Usually, this indicator together with the supply voltage and the frequency of the network is indicated on the rear wall of the device or device.

It is important to remember that the power consumed by the electrical appliances consists of the active and reactive components. In the case of a reactive component \u003d 0, the load can be called active. The active load includes electrical receivers, in which all energy consumed is converted to other types of energy. Such devices include: incandescent lamps, irons, electric stoves, heaters, etc. Their complete and active (useful) power is equal.

All other types of loads are reactive.

There are cases when in the passport or on the rear wall of the device / devices, only voltage in the volt (B) and the current strength in amperes are indicated. In this case, it is necessary to resort to simple arithmetic: the voltage (c) we multiply at current strength (A) and divide on the COS power factor (?) (If it is not specified, then you should take COS (?) \u003d 0.7). As a result, we obtain the full power measured in VA.

If in passport data, the load power is driven to W, then to determine the full power, it is necessary to divide the data to Cos (?) (For the active load COS (?) \u003d 1).

For example: In passport data, is the power of the washing machine equal to 1500 W, COS (?) Is not specified. Your actions: The specified power of the washing machine (1500 W) divide on COS (?) \u003d 0.7. As a result, you get the power of the reactive load equal to 2143 VA. Consequently, for this case, the Lider PS 3000 W or Lider PS 3000 SQ stabilizer is suitable.

An individual item should consider the calculation of the total power of the electric motor. Any electric motor at the time of inclusion consumes the energy of 3-3.5 times greater than in normal mode. To ensure starting currents of the engines, a minimum stabilizer will be required 3 times greater than the passport power of the electric motor. For example: the electric motor of the 3000 VA ventilation system at the time of starting consumes 3 times more. Therefore, it will need 9000 WA, so when choosing a stabilizer, this factor must be taken into account.

Well, as a general recommendation, you can advise at least small (10%, for example) in power in case of connecting one more or more devices, as well as that the stabilizer does not work in extreme mode, on the limit of its passport characteristics.

3. At the final stage, the accuracy of the selected stabilizer is estimated. It is determined by the permissible range of hardware power supply. Usually this parameter is given in the instruction manual or passport on the electrical appliance. For example, for the nutrition of laboratory or research equipment (medicine, metrology, etc.), home Cinema Or household security systems requires voltage stability no worse than 1%. Such accuracy is given by stabilizers of the Lider SQ series. The same situation is observed with lighting systems: human eye physiology is such that it perceives the change in illumination when changing the supply voltage of the lamps in the range of 1%!. For most household and office equipment, the stability of supply voltage is optimal within 5%. Such stability will provide you with a series of Lider W stabilizers.

Voltage stabilizers acquire not from a good life, and since you did it, then you most likely already have or have problems with tension.

The standard voltage level according to the rules must be 230 volts (not 220, as many still consider).

But depending on the place of residence (length and loading of power lines) and possible accidents in the power grids (zero wire breaking, overload), the voltage can be either consistently understated, or simply "jumping" in arbitrary values.

When a small apparatus is purchased to protect one particular instrument - computer, refrigerator, TV, boiler, it does not occur with the connection.

The stabilizer has a fork and a socket. There will be even a schoolboy.

But if you want to install a powerful apparatus, to protect the electrical appliances of the whole house at the same time, then you will have to tinker with the connection scheme.

What you need to connect

In addition to the stabilizer itself, you will need a number of additional materials:

The wire section should be exactly the same as on your introductory cable that comes to the chopper or the main input machine. Since all loads of the house will go through it.

This switch is unlike simple, has three states:

1 Included Consumer No. 1 2 Disabled 3 Included Consumer No. 2

You can use the usual modular machine, but with such a scheme, if you need to disconnect from the stabilizer, you will have to completely de-energize the entire home and transfer the wires.

Of course, there is a bypass or transit mode, but to go to it, you need to observe a strict sequence. This will be mentioned below.

With this switch, you have a single movement of the entire movement of the unit, and the house remains directly with the light.

You must clearly understand that the voltage stabilizer is installed strictly to the electric meter, and not after it.

No energy supplying organization will not allow you to connect differently, no matter how you prove, thereby except EL. Equipment in the house, you want to protect the accounting device itself.

The stabilizer has its own idle and also consumes email energy, even working without load (up to 30W / h and higher). And this energy must be taken into account and calculated.

The second important point - it is extremely desirable that in the scheme to the place of connection of the stabilization device there is either the RCD or Diff. Automatic.

In the one described in the method, this option will be considered. After all, very often these devices hang on the wall in rooms, hallways, freely access for touch.

And the transformer winding breakdown on the body, not such a rare thing.

Instructions for connecting in the shield

The first thing is mounted in the electrical tailor, immediately after the introductory machine, the three-position switch.

Suddenly he failed or needed any revision work. You will not beat the wires every time and de-energize the entire apartment.

Choose the installation location of the voltage stabilizer. To put where it fell, too, it is also impossible. There are certain rules to follow.

Mapping from the shield to this place two VGng-Ls cables.

Each of them is desirable to march and make the appropriate inscriptions at both of the ends:

• Entrance to the stabilizer

Remove isolation from lived and first connect the cable in the electrical tailor. The phase from that wire, which goes to the input of the stabilizer, connect to the output clips of the introductory machine.

Next, we deal with the cable stabilizer-out. Phase core (let it be a white wire), connect to contact number 2 on a three-position switch.

Zero and land from both cables are set on the appropriate shine.

Now you need to apply a phase directly from the introductory machine to the three-position. Clean the mounting wire of the Pugv, ends the veins of the NSHVI tips and start it from the phase output of the introductory automaton on the clamp No. 4 of the switch.

All that remains to be done in the shield - to power all the machines from the terminal number 1 of the three-positioner.

We do this operation again with flexible mounting wires.

Thus, according to the scheme, you filed a phase from the introductory automaton on the 3-position, and further through its contacts the load was distributed, by connecting through the stabilizer (contact number 2-No. 1) and directly without it (Contact No. 4-№1).

In your concrete case These contact numbers may not match the numbers indicated here! Be sure to specify everything in the instructions or in the passport on the machine.

Connect stabilizer

Now go to the direct connection of the stabilizer itself. In order to get to his contacts, you may need to remove the outer cover.

We skip two cables (input and output) through the holes and clamp under the terminals according to the following scheme:

• Phase core of the stabilizer input cable tighten the input (LIN) terminal

• Zero core (blue) to terminal N (NIN)

• Grounding custody to the screw clamp with the designation "Earth"

By the way, a separate terminal "Earth" may not be. Then this core is twisted under the screw on the case of the device.

There are models with terminals of just 3 wires. Only the phase is returned in them.

Zero on the power of the electrical appliances is taken from the common shield.

Now, when you submitted tension from the shield to the stabilizer, you need to return this tension, but already stabilized back to the overall shield.

To do this, connect the cable - exit from the stabilizer.

• His phase core to the climb output (lout)

• zero to n (nout)

• The dwelling center, where and grounding veins from the input cable

Once again, visually check the entire scheme and close the lid.

Checking the scheme

The first inclusion needs to be carried out without load. That is, all automata except for the introductory and what goes to the stabilizer must be disabled.

Run it to idle and control the work. Input and output parameters, there are no extraneous noise or scot.

It will also not hurt to check the correctness and accuracy of those. Yes, which is highlighted on the electronic scoreboard.

If you have at home three-phase network 380V, then for such a connection, it is recommended to use 3 single-phase voltage stabilizer, with connecting each for a separate phase.

More information about the advantages of three-phase and single-phase apparatuses and when you need to choose, you can find in the article "".

Connection errors

1 Incorrect location and installation location

You can have everything perfectly connected and monitored, but the stabilizer will constantly warm up and disconnect, or to pop up errors.

2 Connection through a simple automatic, and not three-position

Of course, this item is also difficult to call. Moreover, 90% of consumers are doing this.

However, this switch can actually save your device from failure.

The fact is that switching voltage stabilizer from normal mode to transit mode must be performed with a specific sequence.

First you turn off the machines on the stubborn panel.

Then the switch itself translate into the transit or bypass position.

And only then turn on automata again.

Many forget about it and make switching under load. What ultimately leads to breakdowns.

With a 3-position automation, this is excluded. You automatically switch the voltage, without any manipulations on the stabilizer. And all this with one key!

No need to memorize. So this procedure can safely trust any family member.

3 Use to connect a smaller cable than introductory

You can choose a smaller cross section only when individual electrical appliances are powered.

If you have the whole house on your stabilizer, then be kind to comply with the input parameters according to the entire general workload.

4 Lack of tips on stranded wires

For some reason, many forget that often through the stabilizer is all the load of your home. Exactly the same as on the entry machine.

At the same time, all wires are compressed in the electrical protection, even on the lighting switches with minimal currents, but on the terminals of the stabilizer or its machines, you can constantly find a bare wire just pursed with a screw.

Therefore, do not skimp, and in advance with the device, get the appropriate tips.

5 knocks out a common machine in the shield

Sometimes after connecting the stabilizer, it starts to knock out an empty machine. At the same time without a stabilizer, everything is fine and nothing is turned off.

Many immediately sin on the wrong connection scheme or device defect. Carry it to warranty repair, etc.

And the reason may be completely different. If you have a low voltage of 150-160V through the chur, then when it is raised to the standard 220-230V, the current will increase significantly in the network.

From here and all the problems. Pay attention to it before carrying it back to the store.

What are dangerous voltage jumps?

The jump is a short-term increase in the input voltage to an unacceptable limit - from 240 V and more. Even a very short (less second), the jump can be enough to fail the control unit of the boiler heating, a well pump, a washing machine, any device that has "brains". The reason is simple: the overwhelming majority of electronic components (condests, resistors, etc.), from which control board, controllers and other chips are able to withstand voltage up to 250V. This is the upper limit, which, as a rule, follows the destruction of the component.

It should be noted that the stabilizers are not rational protection against pulse jumps. The pulse jump occurs due to several reasons, but mostly it is thunderstorms. A high-quality stabilizer will not miss a pulse jump to consumers, but also will not be able to work: a visit to service center. To protect against impulse overvoltages, a set of measures is used, the central place in which the special device is occupied - the Uzip. However, from recently, Italian ORTEA stabilizers are equipped with ultrasounds.

A good stabilizer in most cases will not miss the thunderstorm discharge, but after that it will need to be repaired.

• With increased or reduced input voltage, align and maintain at the level of normal.

What is dangerous increased and reduced tension?

The danger of high voltage is obvious: Duration: If the jump is added to all indiscriminates: if the jump, depending on its amplitude, may be theoretically pass without consequences, then the long-term exposure to high voltage is guaranteed to damage the "smart" machines.

Upon reduced voltage, many devices work badly: heaters are heated prohibitively long, "smart" technique does not turn on at all, the microwave does not heat up, etc. Equipment with electric motors are subject to special risk: air conditioners, refrigerators, pumps, automatic gate drives, etc. This is due to the fact that when the voltage decreases, the current in the windings of the electric motor increases. An increase in current leads to an increase in temperature, which in turn causes damage, and then to the silence of isolation. Engine repair in this case is inappropriate.

No stabilizer is able to eliminate the problems caused by the emergency state of wiring, constantly used at the limit of technical capabilities and operate under conditions of strong current frequency distortions.

Defining voltage stabilizer parameters

• Adjustment speed. As a rapidly stabilizer responds to change the voltage in the network and how quickly it corrects it. Appropriate than the speed above, the less chance that the voltage jump will pass to consumers.
• Overloading capacity. The ability of the stabilizer to work is steadily when its nominal power is exceeded. Useful property when operating electric motors.
• Nominal input voltage range - the working range of the stabilizer, within which its use is supposed. In this range, the device retains the stated specifications: rated power and stabilization accuracy. Most voltage stabilizers, after disconnection due to the drop in the input voltage below the maximum range, are turned on only when the nominal range is reached on the network.
• Maximum input voltage range - This is a range in which the stabilizer continues to work, but the main technical characteristics (rated power, stabilization accuracy) deviate from passport values. Usually the maximum input voltage range borders with the disconnection of the device.
• Accuracy of stabilization. This is the error of the output voltage of the stabilizer. Our GOST 13109-97 considers the maximum permissible error in the amount of 10%, but not all the input devices to survive such deviations. The higher the accuracy of stabilization - the more preserved the "smart" technique.
• Noise. Almost all stabilizers make some sounds: transformer hum, fans rustle, relay switching, servo operation sound. Depending on the design, stabilizers can be both more and less noisy. There are no completely silent stabilizers: any stabilizer is a stabilization, approaching the limit values \u200b\u200bof its technical characteristics.
• Climatic performance. The working range of ambient temperature varies depending on the manufacturer. For example, Lider stabilizers are capable of working at -40 ° C, Progress at -45 ° C, and the calm is only at a positive temperature.

Principle of operation and types of stabilizers

The classic voltage stabilizer is a transformer, equipped with a control board, a mechanism for selecting the number of turns of the coil of the transformer coil, various measuring devices: at a minimum, voltmeter and transformer temperature sensor, indication tools and switching device. Selecting the ratio between the number of turns of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, you can increase or decrease the voltage at the ends of the secondary winding. On this property, all voltage stabilizers are operating, with the exception of the inverter.

The inverter stabilizer does not have in its composition of the transformer, its work is based on a double current conversion: first from the variable permanent, and then back. This is the most modern type of voltage stabilizers today.

In fact, the types of stabilizers are greater, we will list only those that have found mass use in everyday life and industry.

As you can see, by and large there are three types of stabilizers: electronic, electromechanical and inverter. The principal difference between the first two is a way to switch between windings on the transformer. Electromechanical stabilizers are in their composition a small electric motor, which physically moves the brush or roller through the transformer coil, thereby using the required amount of turns. Electronic stabilizers do not have moving parts, switching between predetermined coils in advance with strength keys: relays, thyristors or simistors. The inverter stabilizer does not have a transformer at all: IGBT transistors and capacitors are maintained in it.

Constructive features determine the advantages and disadvantages of this or that type of stabilizer in operation. Let's try to display them visually:

Parameter	Electromechanical stabilizer	Electronic transformer stabilizer
Regulatory speed	Low. (mechanical movement incomparably slower electric current) Dignity: Smooth adjustment - an excellent feature for Hi-Fi / Hi-END equipment and for lighting systems on incandescent lamps - guaranteed lack of clicks in columns and flickering of light. Weak side: Adjustment does not have time for the jump. As a result - skipping jump in the network (typical for Chinese-made stabilizers) or the disconnection of consumers (Russian and European algorithms)	High. (Electronic switching is carried out for milliseconds) Dignity: time to compose a jump. The speed of control, for example, in Progress - 500 volts per second. Weak side: step adjustment, as a result, change the voltage at once somewhat volt (up to 20 V, depending on the model). Possible interference in sound on Hi-Fi / Hi-END technician, flickering incandescent bulbs	High. (switching does not occur at all) Dignity: time to compose a jump. Stepless regulation guarantees the lack of flickering of incandescent and interference lamps in audio equipment.
Overloading	High. All electromechanical stabilizers are capable of long-term overload. (up to 30 minutes depending on the degree of overload)	Low. Even short-term (up to 10 seconds) overload is rather an exception than the rule.	Very low. up to 5 seconds maximum.
Filtering noise	not	not	there is

Electromechanical stabilizers are less able to withstand jumps, but more capable of overloads.
Electronic stabilizers, on the contrary, better cope with jumps, but worse hold overload.
Inverter stabilizers are perfectly coping with voltage jumps, have steadless regulation and can eliminate high-frequency interferences on the network. But completely unable to overload.

Electromechanical voltage stabilizer

Other his name is servo. The principle of operation is pretty simple: on the command of the control board, a small electric motor leads to a motion holder, at the end of which a graphite brush is fixed. Regulation is carried out by smoothly moving the brush over the transformer windings.

In the photo you see the transformer and the brush stabilizer node of the ENVT-1500 New Line energy. Three-year exploitation left noticeable traces on it, but the device as of May 2016 in the ranks. The darkens on the transformer in the field of moving the brush are clearly visible - these are traces of graphite abrasion. Also visible a small melting of isolation or varnish on the coil twists. This is the "option of norms", but the problem may be deeper. If the melting is more significant and occurs in the zone of brush contact, the brush begins clinging behind the protrusions. The area of \u200b\u200bcontact decreases, sparking appears, heating grows, the stabilizer fails. The replied manufacturers of such trouble do not occur - the control board on the current sensor signal and the tracer temperature sensor will turn off the stabilizer earlier than the serious melting.

Electrodynamic voltage stabilizer

These stabilizers, as well as electromechanical, have a servo, but instead of a brush on the transformer windings, a roller moves. The advantages of the roller over the brush are obvious: the roller will never get closer for irregularities on the coil and will not erase even when with very intensive work. The photo shows the ORTEA VEGA 2.5 stabilizer in the analysis. Although the quality of the photograph and leaves much to be desired, it is obvious that there is nothing to do. The winding is dense - the turn to the turn, the massive roller holder, the reliable fastening of the transformer to the body, each wiring will pierce the tip. Qualitative and thoughtful installation is obvious. Stabilizer reliable and durable.

Electronic Relay Voltage Stabilizers

The principle of action of relay stabilizers is based on electromechanical relays, which switch between transformer discharges. When working, the relay publishes a characteristic sound - click. The photo shows how orange wires from the transformer are connected through the terminal block with black blocks on the board. This is the transformer taps connected to the relay. Each removal is the end of a certain number of turns of the wire on the coil. The control board for the input and output voltage measurements determines which of the taps to use at the moment and uses it, the closure corresponding relay. Relays installed on domestic production stabilizers (cascade) have a resource up to 9,000,000 (!) Warning. This is a lot. The photo captured the stabilizer Cascade CH-O-12 2005 release, which is working regularly as of May 2016. Relay high-precision stabilizers are not found: the highest accuracy presented today in the market - 2.5%. In general, on domestic relay stabilizers, it can be said that they have not the most outstanding technical characteristics, but at the same time practically unsubsized.

Electronic thyristor and semistory voltage stabilizers

The algorithm for the work of thyristor and simister stabilizers is exactly the same as in the relay - the control board sends a signal, the electronic key (thyristor or simistor) is triggered - the necessary removal is involved. Silently, lightning room. In simple language, a thyristor is a circuit breaker. It has two states - open and closed: feeding a signal on it, you can control it. Simistor is a kind of thyristor, the difference between them does not affect the determining technical characteristics of the stabilizer. Reliability, speed, unpretentiousness to the temperature conditions of these components determined the mass production of stabilizers based on them. Thyristor or simistor stabilizers can have very wide technical specifications. By purchasing any thyristor stabilizer of domestic production, one can count on 7-10 years of its operation.

Inverter voltage stabilizers

The principle of operation of the invertor stabilizer is to double transform the current passing through it. There is no transformer in such stabilizers, its location occupies a device chain: input filter, rectifier, capacitors, inverter and control system.

Passing through this chain, the current is filtered from the interference, converted to a constant one, and then back to the variable. This allows you to achieve an ideal current and voltage form at the output, and voltage jumps are absorbed by condensers. This is the advanced type of voltage stabilizer: they are capable of working in a very wide range of input voltage with very high accuracy. However, without flaws it did not cost: the overload capacity is practically absent, and the IGBT transistor underlying the reliable inverter is very expensive.

What stabilizer to choose: imported, or domestic?

Import stabilizers are presented in the Russian market mainly by Chinese devices. They have a very attractive price, but they end their advantages. Doubtful quality of electronic components, the minimum margin of the strength of the parts, a negligent assembly and, as a result, a short service life, which is hardly enough for a warranty period. As soon as unscrupulous sellers of these devices do not train to hide the manufacturer's country. One of these tricks is the import of a party through the Baltic States - a mark in the country's country's documents to declare the Baltic origin of stabilizers (the famous Latvian stabilizers). Another way to introduce a buyer is misled - to have a domestic trademark and collected in China the stabilizer is called domestic, without specifying that the domestic only brand, and the assembly and components, including a transformer, completely unnecessary.

But there are really high-quality imported apparatus: Italian ORTEA or Oberon stabilizers. However, in the conditions of the current euro course, they are greatly losing at the price of its analogue - the Saturn Stabilizer, which is completely not inferior to them. And according to some characteristics, for example, overload ability and exceeds. Stabilizers of German producers in our country are practically presented. Buy them for the money that they ask for them, a reasonable person will not.

So you can say with confidence that

A qualitative stabilizer at a relatively affordable price in most cases will be domestic.

How to "on the eye" to determine the quality of the stabilizer and its service life?

The answer is simple: by weight. Russian transformer stabilizer for 10 kVA with medium technical characteristics Weighs at least 30 kg. Stabilizer with good technical characteristics, for example, Progress 10000L, weighs 43 kg. Most of this weight falls on the transformer, which means that it is guaranteed to withstand the rated power and the specified range of input voltage. Mighty magnetic core from special transformer steel and winding reserve guarantee a long service life. Therefore, if you see a transformer stabilizer with a capacity of 10,000 VA and at the same time its weight is only 20 kg, it is worth thinking about its reliability and service life.

A high-quality transformer stabilizer is easy to be.

In the case of an inverter stabilizer, make sure that it is made on IGBT transistors: it is a guarantee of its reliability and compliance with passport characteristics.

Power selection Stabilizer

The most faithful way to select the power of the stabilizer is a measurement with a second recording during the day

Calculation of power stabilizer power consists

Power stabilizer (BA) \u003d power sum of all consumers (W) * simultaneity coefficient / load coefficient + stock 15%

We will analyze this formula:

• Power consumption in the passports of electrical appliances is usually indicated in kilowatts.. Having arise the power of all devices, we got the amount kilowattwhich they will consume, working all at the same time. In practice, at the same time, all consumers never work. Therefore, the coefficient of simultaneous operation of electrical applications for residential building was calculated. We take the previously obtained amount of the capacity of individual devices and multiply on the coefficient of simultaneous use from the table. We get the power B. kilowatts.which will actually be consumed simultaneously. Please note that if you are flashing with electricity, the simultaneous coefficient is below 0.8 can not be.
• The power of the stabilizer is measured in kilovolt amperas, and we have kilowatty. To transfer, use the load coefficient.

  where 0.8 is a load coefficient. So we got the full capacity of our electrical appliances in kilovolt amperas

• i add 15% of the reserve so that the stabilizer does not work in the lady and that it would seem, everything. But no.
• Be sure to check the magnitude of the starting currents of devices with electric motors: submersible pumps, air conditioners, electric mowers, washing, etc. And although starting currents last the entire second, they should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bof the stabilizer's overload capacity!

Calculation of the power of the stabilizer by the introductory automatic switch

Power Stabilizer (VA) \u003d 220 (Volt) * Nominal current of the introductory machine (amp)

The introductory circuit breaker serves not only the last stage of protection against short circuitBut also a physical current limiter you have the right to consume under the contract with an electrical engineering organization. It is not easy to install them, but based on the power of the transformer in the settlement of the transformer, the cross sections of the supply cables and the overall state of the electroactivity of the settlement. Therefore, they are often sealed.

From here it follows the conclusion that we cannot consume current more than it allows an enclosable circuit breaker - it will simply turn off.

In the photo, we see a very high-quality and pedantic installation: in the moisture-proof shield on the post there is a two-pole circuit breaker at the inlet, then the counter and a pair of the Uzo-automatic after the meter. Each of these devices indicates the rated current to which it is calculated.

In this photo on the circuit breaker, we see the characters "C32". They mean that this automatic has the characteristic "C" and is designed for a nominal current of 32 amps. Rated voltage In our networks 220 volts, therefore the rated power of this automaton \u003d 32 A * 220 V \u003d 7040 VA.

It would seem that the stabilizer is more powerful 8 kVA it is pointless, because The machine passes only 7 kVA. The catch lies in the characteristic "C".

The characteristic of the circuit breaker is the dependence of the disconnection rate from overload. This topic is very extensive, in briefly, we only say that the charmerism with implies instant shutdown when the rated current of the automaton is exceeded at least 8 to 10 times at 25 ° C. The graph shows that with four-fold overload, the disconnection will occur from 4 to 8 seconds! This means that launches for this automaton do not care. And if we overload the automatic characteristics of 1.5 times, it will turn off after 40 minutes, and this is at the tempted 25 ° C. At a low temperature, the disconnection will occur even slower. That is, if on Frost street, and you overloaded your automatic characteristics of "with" by 25% - it is likely to not turn off at all. Stabilizers with similar overload capacity does not exist.

The overload capacity of the stabilizer should be more than covering the launch currents of the electric motors!

What is bypass and why is it needed?

Bypass is a commemutation device for switching power supply bypassing the stabilizer.

Why can this function need?

• Work notinverter welding machine. It is impossible to operate through the transformer welding machine through the stabilizer.
• Connecting loads in excess of the rated power of the stabilizer.
• Fault stabilizer.

To date, manufacturers of stabilizers implement bypass in the following sections:

• Manual external bypass . As a rule, this is a cam switch into two positions in a separate case with a terminal block. Such bypass are manufactured by Lider and Progress stabilizers manufacturers. Dignity: For mounting / disassembly, the stabilizer does not need to disconnect the power supply and the subsequent connection of the input and output wires. It is enough to disconnect the three wires from the terminal block of the stabilizer: with the connected bypass, they will be de-energized. External bypass can be used with stabilizers of any manufacturers. Disadvantage: Additional, albeit small, spending.
• Manual built-in bypass. Can be performed on circuit breakers (Stabilizers Systems and Energy) or on a magnetic contactor (progress stabilizers, cascade and saturn). Advantages: aesthetic (wires from the stabilizer to the bypass), cheaper (it does not need a separate case, the terminal block and additional wires are eliminated). Disadvantage: When dismantling the stabilizer, the input and output wires are required.
• Automatic built-in bypass. This software and hardware complex, which, according to a given algorithm, has shifting the power supply bypassing the stabilizer. To date, some voltage stabilizers are equipped with automatic bypass. Automatic bypass Lider will work when the stabilizer malfunction, when it is overloaded, overheating and when the input voltage drops below the allowable threshold. When the stabilizer is turned off on the upper limit of the input voltage, the bypass will not be involved - the load will simply be de-energized. Disadvantages: automatic bypass is not an analogue of manual: it will not work as soon as possible to put the current bypassing the stabilizer. If you don't have a stabilizer before your eyes, you can not know for a very long time that it is in emergency and works in the bypass.

Select the input voltage range of the stabilizer

As a rule, the stabilizer has two voltage range - nominal and maximum.

When choosing a stabilizer, it is necessary to be based on it nominal Input voltage range

Each specific stabilizer is designed for continuous long-term operation in the nominal input voltage range. All major characteristics of the device (power, error, noise level, etc.) are indicated in the passport based on its operation in the nominal input voltage range. This implies:

The wider the nominal range of the input voltage of the stabilizer - the better

However, the input voltage range of the stabilizer is directly related to its price. The wider - the more expensive. Therefore, by purchasing a multimeter, you can try to save on the stabilizer. Spend a series of stress measurements on different days of the week, including weekends, and at different times of the day, including at night. Even after spending a few measurements, leave yourself a stock in the range, as the voltage can change with the change of seasons, especially in winter.

How important is the accuracy of stabilization?

For most household appliances accuracy of stabilization at 3 - 5% enough.

The exception is the lighting systems made on the incandescent lamps, the electronics of gas boilers, Hi-Fi and Hi-END technique. For these devices, it is better to choose stabilizers with an output voltage error of 1.5% and less.

TVs, refrigerators, pumps, air conditioners, washing machines, in general, all appliances In high-precision stabilizers does not need: 2.5-3% of the error is optimal, 5% is permissible.

Expand the horizons:

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