Information war in the modern world.
The technological revolution led to the emergence of the term "informational era" due to the fact that the information systems became part of our lives and changed it radically. An information era also changed the way of conducting hostilities, providing commanders with an unprecedented number and quality of information.
Now the commander can monitor the movement of hostilities, analyze events and bring information.
It should be distinguished by the war of the information era and the information war. The information era war uses information technology as a means for successful combat operations. On the contrary, the information war considers information as a separate object or potential weapon and as a favorable goal.
Information era technology made a possible theoretical possibility - direct manipulating opponent information.
"In what a wonderful simplification and false people lives! It is impossible in the forehead to be put on if the eyes ever open, it's a miracle! How light and free and easy, and we did everything around themselves everything! - How we managed to give their feelings to free access. To all superficial, his thinking - a divine passion for frisky jumps and false conclusions! - How I managed to save our ignorance from the very beginning to enjoy the barely complicated freedom, undoubtedness, negligence, faintiness, the funny life, - to enjoy life! " - Friedrich Nietzsche.
Any conflict between people is primarily information. Information is necessary for people to take any solutions. It not only allows you to make optimal actions in conflict, but also manages the most purposeful activities, the meaning of the existence and death of systems. Information is the necessary resource of the human activity, separating it from the rest of the world. To distinguish it as a specific "resource" of attacks and protection has been tried for a long time, but only relatively recently theories began to appear, which may be based on the methodology (technologies?) Maintaining information wars.
"The art of convincing people a lot above all other arts, as it allows you to make everyone with your slaves by goodwill, and not forced." - George from Leontin.
Today there is a lot about the "Information War". However, it is unlikely that anyone can accurately answer what it is. Moreover, even experts will not be able to accurately answer the question about when the "Information War" is still born, when the question was raised for the first time to consider information as a weapon? Further, if you find out this information and give answers to the questions set, it will undoubtedly immediately rise a number of such issues, for example, what is the information war? What means does it have and, what is the goal of this war? To consider the attacks of hackers by military actions, if so, then what response means will be adequate?
Below we will try to give answers to these and perhaps other questions on the topic affected.
So:
The day today, with its telecommunication computing systems, psychotechnologies dramatically changed the surrounding space. Separate information streams turned into a solid stream. If it was previously possible to "drive" specific information channels, today all the surrounding space is collapsed. The time for informational interaction between the most remote points approached zero. As a result, the problem of protecting information, which was previously more relevant, turned over, was turned over, which caused its opposite to life - protection against information.
Why do you need to protect the information system from information? Because any information incoming to input information inevitably changes the system. The purposeful, intentional informational impact can lead the system to irreversible changes and to self-destruction.
Therefore, the information war is nothing more than explicit and hidden targeted information impacts of systems on each other in order to obtain a certain winnings in the material sphere.
What is the information war?
At the conceptual level, we can say that states seek to acquire information that ensures their goals, use it and protect it. These use and protection can be carried out in the economic, political and military spheres. Knowledge about the information owned by the enemy is a means of enhancing our power and lower the power of the enemy or resist her, as well as protect our values, including our information.
Information weapons affect the information that the enemy owns and its information functions owns. At the same time, our informational functions are protected, which reduces its will or the ability to fight.
Information war is any action on the use, destruction, distortion of enemy information and its functions; Protection of our information against such actions; and the use of our own military information functions.
This definition is the basis for the following statements.
The information war is any attack against the information function, regardless of the funds used. PBX bombing - information war operation. The same can be said about the conclusion of the PBX computer software.
Information war is any action to protect our own information functions, regardless of the applied funds. Strengthening and defense of the PBX building against bombardments is also part of the information war. The same can be said about the anti-virus program that protects the PBX software.
The information war is only a means, and not the ultimate goal, similar to how the bombardment is a tool, and not a goal.
Information war can be used as a means for a strategic attack or counteraction.
The military always tried to influence information required by the enemy to effectively manage their forces.
It was usually done with the help of maneuvers and distracting actions. Since these strategies affected the information received by the enemy, indirectly by perception, they attacked the information of the enemy indirectly.
That is, in order for the trick to be effective, the enemy should have done three things:
Nevertheless, modern means of performing information functions made information vulnerable to direct access and manipulation with it. Modern technologies allow the enemy to change or create information without prior receipt of the facts and their interpretation. Here is a brief list of the characteristics of modern information systems, leading to the appearance of such vulnerability: Concentrated information storage, access speed, widespread information, and great opportunities for information systems perform their functions autonomously. Protection mechanisms can reduce, but not to zero this vulnerability.
It must be emphasized that information wars were conducted hundreds and thousands of years ago. Information weapons were used for a long time. A good example can serve as the Trojan War. Ten years, the impregnable three resisted the Greek wars and was defeated with ... Trojan horse. It was one of the effective techniques of the information war, applied more than 3000 years ago. What has changed since then? Why events in Tunisia, which is located on the site of ancient state - Carthage, are similar to events in three? From my point of view, the site of Mr. Assange, the British intelligence agent Mi-6, acts as a Trojan horse, a means of delivery - the Internet, various global TV channels, but the content of the information wars itself has not changed.
And one more example, the Hordes of Genghis-Khan stimulated the spread of rumors that if the city does not give up - there will not be no one for the mercy. In the years of the English revolution of the XVII century. Editors Cromvelevsky "Kurantov" several times deliberately deceived the public, reporting in the second and third time about the death of the outstanding royalist general Hopton, trying to sow panic in the enemy. But at the present stage, the use of informational weapons has acquired a special relevance: his ability to be surprisingly included in the resonance with the possibilities of the new stage of the development of civilization - the information stage, which is characterized by the fact that the information plays a crucial role in almost all spheres of life.
I would define an informational war as a way of influencing the information space of the opposing party in order to achieve strategic goals. The information war is closely related to the term "Propaganda".
In 1622, the term "propaganda" was first introduced by the Pope due to the fact that during the 30-year war between Catholics and Protestants, Catholics carried huge losses. In order to excite the fighting spirit from Catholics, a special division was created - the Congregation of the propaganda of faith. For a long time, from 1622 to the beginning of the 20th century - the First World War - the term "propaganda" was used as religious. But during the First World War, special divisions of forces and means for the introduction of propaganda in troops and the power of the enemy appeared. After World War I, the most famous propaganda theorist and information wars Harold Lassuel, having studied the experience of strategic mistakes, wrote a special book "Propaganda technique in World War", which came out in 1927.
From "Propaganda" to "Information War"
In 1927, Lassuel first announced that propaganda is a special type of weapons affecting the course of hostilities.
In 1967, Alan Dallas is the main organizer of the information war against the Soviet Union, issues a book called "Secret Citami", which is devoted to secret separate negotiations between the United States and the UK on the one hand and Reichsführer SS Himmler on the other. Negotiations were in Switzerland, and the Soviet intelligence officer of Stirlitz and other patriots of Germany and Russia prevented them. Alan Dallas, describing this process in his book, first introduces the term "information war", understanding personal, intelligence, sabotage actions to undermine the enemy rear.
The next stage - 1976 - American engineer Thomas Ron first uses the term "Information War", applying it to technical systems in the report prepared by him in 1976 for Boeing, and the named "Weapons and Information War". T. Ron indicated that the infrastructure becomes the key component of the American economy. At the same time, it becomes both a vulnerable goal in both military and peacetime. This report can be considered the first mention of the term "Information War".
The publication of the report T. Ron served as the beginning of the active campaign in the media. The very formulation of the problem is very interested in American military who are involved in "secret materials". US Air Force began to actively discuss this subject since 1980. By that time, a single understanding was reached that information could be both a goal and weapon.
In connection with the emergence of new tasks after the end of the Cold War, the term "information war" was introduced into the documents of the US Department of Defense. It has become actively mentioned in the press after the operation of the "Storm in the Desert" operation in 1991, where new information technology was first used as a means of conducting hostilities. Officially, this term was first introduced in the Directive of the US Defense Minister DODD 3600 dated December 21, 1992.
A few years later, in February 1996, the US Department of Defense introduced the "Doctrine of Combating Control and Management Systems". This publication issued the principles of controlling monitoring and management systems as applying the information war in hostilities. Publication Determines the fight against control and management systems as: "Combined use of techniques and methods of security, military deception, psychological operations, radio electronic combat and physical destruction of the management system supported by intelligence, to prevent information collection, the influence or destruction of the enemy's abilities to control and Managing the battlefield, while protecting their forces and the forces of the Allies, as well as the obstacle to the enemy to do the same. " This document identifies the organizational structure, procedure for planning, learning and managing operation. The most important is that this publication has identified the concept and doctrine of war with control and management systems. This was the first time when the US Department of Defense, determined the possibility and doctrine of the information war.
At the end of 1996, Robert Banker, an expert of Pentagon, at one of the symposias presented a report on the new military doctrine of the US Armed Forces XXI century (the concept of "Force XXI"). Its founded in its basis the division of the entire theater of hostilities into two components is the traditional space and cyberspace, and the latter is even more important. R. Banker suggested the Doctrine of "Cyberneur", which should be a natural addition to traditional military concepts, pursuing the goal of neutralization or suppressing the armed forces of the enemy.
Thus, in the number of combat operations, in addition to the earth, the sea, air and space is now included in the infosphere. As the military experts emphasize, the main objects of defeat in new wars will be the information infrastructure and the opponent's psyche (even the term "Human Network" appeared).
And in 1985, the term "information war" was voiced in China. In my opinion, this is not by chance, since today it is China today is one of the main leaders of the information wars. China's economic successes (remind you that in 2010 China became the second economic power of the world, overtaking on the gross product Japan) in many ways, from my point of view, due to the fact that in this country a powerful information warning system and information protection was created in this country.
Further, the term is developing, and in 1998 a special document of the committee of the headquarters of the US headquarters appears in the United States, which is called the "Information War", which was devoted to the experience of the actions of the Armed Forces and the US State Structures in the Zone of the Persian Gulf during the operation "Storm in the Desert".
In 1995, the term "information war" appears in Russia. In the Russian media and scientific circles, the rapid debates are beginning to the topic that such an information war is, as it occurs, but there has not been the theory itself and the methodology of the information war. In 1997, on May 7, I was defended by the doctoral dissertation in the Russian Academy of Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, the theme of which was the "information and psychological support of the National Security of Russia". It was built by the methodological lattice of the information war theory, which today adopted in the doctrinal Russian (information security doctrine of the Russian Federation 2000), American and Chinese documents.
Types of information attacks.
As previously stated, there are two ways to influence the information functions of the enemy - indirectly or directly.
We illustrate the difference between them on the example. Let our goal be to make the enemy think that the air strike is where it is not at all, and act on the basis of this information so that it is beneficial to us.
Indirect information attack: Using engineering, we can build aircraft layouts and false airfield facilities, and imitate activities to work with them. We rely on the fact that the enemy will observe a false airfield and consider it hereby. Only then this information will become the one that the enemy should have in our opinion.
Direct information attack: If we create information about a false airmaker in the information storage of the opponent, the result will be exactly the same. But funds involved in obtaining this result will differ much.
Another example of a direct information attack may be a change in information in the enemy database of available communications during hostilities (making false information that bridges are destroyed) for the insulation of individual enemy parts. You can achieve the bombardment of bridges. In fact, in another case, enemy analysts, making a decision on the basis of their information, will take the same decision - to transfer troops through other communications.
Funds of information war
The rapid development of electronic technology, primarily computing, and its increasingly deep penetration into all spheres of life, including state and military administration, led to the emergence of recently a fundamentally new type of confrontation of states - information (the concept of conducting the "information war").
Under the term "Information War" is a set of measures aimed at preventing unauthorized use, damage or destruction of elements of its own information infrastructure (AI), as well as the use, infringement of the integrity or destruction of elements of the enemy in order to ensure information superiority in peacetime, as well as Different stages of preparation and conduct of hostilities.
For information warfare, specific means are being developed that can be defensive and offensive.
The need to create a multi-level protection system is related to the fact that the relationship of all promising information systems is assumed to be carried out through the means united for users of any level of the global communication network. The funds developed (network encoders, a set of software technical means) will have to verify the legality of access to information resources, identifying users, the registration of all the actions of consumers and personnel with the possibility of operational and subsequent analysis, as well as the necessary privacy level.
According to the methods of introducing an enemy's information resources and the impact on them offensive means of program and technical impact (SPT) are divided into the following classes:
The "logical bomb" is a hidden control program, which, on a specific signal or at the set time, comes into operation, destroying or distorting information, reveaving access to one or another important fragments of the management information resource or disorganizing technical means. Such interference in the ACS for troops and weapons can radically affect the course and outcome of the battle, operations;
"Software Virus" - a specialized software product that can reproduce logic bombs and implement them remotely into the enemy information networks, to multiply themselves, attach to programs, transmitted over the network;
"Trojan horse" is a program, the introduction of which allows hidden unauthorized access to the enemy information array for the extraction of intelligence information;
Test program neutralizer, ensuring the preservation of natural and artificial disadvantages of software (software);
intentionally created, hidden from regular user interfaces for logging into the system introduced by developers with mercenary or sabotage-disruptive objectives;
Multi-sized devices capable of generating high-power AM, providing out the conclusion of radio electronic equipment.
As the priority objects of the application of SPTs, from the point of view of applying the highest possible damage, information elements of the missile attack and control of the outer space, the senior management points and serving their computing centers and communications nodes can be considered. In peacetime this kind, the impact may be provided to such a goal, as a banking system, an air traffic control system, as well as the psychological impact on the population of the enemy (especially in border areas) with the help of radio and television broadcasting.
The characteristic features of the SDT include the radicality and pseudo-selection of action, versatility, secrecy, suddenness, efficiency, multivariate and freedom of spatio-temporary maneuver.
Definition of information war.
In October 1998, the US Department of Defense introduces the "Joint Doctrine of Information Operations". Initially, this publication was called "Joint Doctrine of Information War." Later, she was renamed the "Joint Doctrine of Information Operations". The reason for the change was to clarify the relationship of the concepts of information transactions and information war.
They were defined as follows:
Information Operation: Actions taken in order to make harder, processing and storing information information systems of the enemy when protecting their own information and information systems;
Information War: a comprehensive impact (a set of information transactions) on the system of state and military management of the opposing party, on its military-political leadership, which already in peacetime would lead to the adoption of decisions favorable for the part of the initiator, and during the conflict completely paralyzed Whether the functioning of the opponent's control infrastructure.
The information war consists of actions taken to achieve information superiority in providing a national military strategy through the impact on the information and information systems of the enemy with the simultaneous strengthening and protection of their own information and information systems and infrastructure.
Information excellence is defined as the ability to collect, process and distribute a continuous flow of information about the situation, preventing the enemy to do the same. It can also be defined and how the ability to assign and maintain such a rate of operation, which exceeds any possible pace of the enemy, allowing you to dominate the entire time of its holding, remaining unpredictable, and act, ahead of the enemy in his return.
Information excellence allows you to have a real idea of \u200b\u200ba combat situation and gives an interactive and high-precision picture of the enemy's actions and its real-time troops. Information superiority is a tool that allows the command in decisive operations to apply widely dispersed constructions of heterogeneous forces, ensure the protection of troops and input to the battle of groups, the composition of which is maximally comply with tasks, as well as carry out flexible and targeted material and technical support.
Information confrontation is carried out by conducting activities aimed against management and decision-making systems (COMMAND & CONTROL WARFARE, C2W), as well as against computer and information networks and systems (Computer Network Attack, CNA).
The destructive impact on the management and decision-making systems is achieved through psychological operations (Psychological Operations, PSYOP), aimed against personnel and decision makers and affect their moral sustainability, emotions and decision-making; Performing activities on operational and strategic disguises (OPSEC), disinformation and physical destruction of infrastructure facilities.
It is believed that wars of the XXI century. will be the advantage of information wars. Moreover, some researchers, such as V.A. Lisukhan and L.A. Shelepin believes that at present there is already a "third world information and psychological war." And the main means of conducting such war are the media.
There are already many different definitions of the information war. So, G.G. Possipallines implies under the information war "Communicative technology on the effects on mass consciousness with short-term and long-term purposes." In the new Army Charter of the United States, the information war is determined as follows: "Actions taken to achieve information superiority in the interests of the National Strategy and carried out by influencing the enemy's information systems while protecting their own information and their information networks."
Two fundamentally different areas of information - technical and humanitarian - set appropriate directions, where the possibilities of information weapons are formed. As a result, two options for information technologies are being created: technical and humanitarian (social).
The main forms of maintenance of technical information war are:
Radioelectronic struggle
War using electronic reconnaissance and guidance,
psychotronic war,
Fighting hackers
Cybernetic war.
One example of technical means of conducting information war is the American global reconnaissance network "Echelon", capable of intercepting the fluorester flow in many frequency bands. Special powerful computers allow you to filter by keywords all the intercepted information, process and store in data banks.
For our course purposes, we are interested, first of all, social ("humanitarian") technology of information war, which will continue to be discussed.
Richard Shafransky, who develops the concept of information war for the United States Air Force, believes that "information weapons are any funds consciously used to influence the mind of the enemy with minimal physical strength and in such a way as to have a high probability to force the enemy to fulfill our desire."
Thus, the fundamental difference between the information weapon from the usual in the fact that it affects the mind, spirit, and not on the human body. It is very convenient and efficient. As a result of the use of informational weapons, the object of impact (person, social group, people) begins to perform actions going into incision with his own interests and responding to the interests of the enemy. (If we are talking about the situations of the use of informational weapons within the state, for example, with respect to political opponents, more appropriately softer formulation: the object of impact is given to the type of behavior that is beneficial for the communicator).
In addition, the information war has a number of advantages for the leading part of its part compared with the usual war, in particular:
The war is conducted in "White Gloves". The aggressor is usually impossible to blame the destruction of people.
This war is not regulated by international law. The parties leading the information war are not related to the terms of IHL regulations or other regulatory acts.
The knowledge of the information war is cheaper than the maintenance of ordinary war.
The disclosure of the information war is much less dangerous for the aggressor country and its citizens than the unleashing of the traditional war. People are usually unable to react to an invisible effect, similar radiation.
Moreover, this impact can be enjoyed in a benevolent shape, which is even purely biologically, a person is not ready to respond aggressively. The fact and consequences of the knowledge of the information war are not always obvious to those against whom it is conducted. Thus, the lack of visible destruction characteristic of ordinary wars can be recognized by the main danger of information war. The population does not even feel that it is exposed. As a result, the Company does not activate the protective mechanisms available at its disposal.
The effect is often achieved much more than with the help of ordinary weapons. The use of information war technologies may cause a violation of socio-economic processes and lead to the death of the state. At the same time, the people turn out to be demoralized and incapable of resistance. For example, the collapse of the superpower - the USSR occurred as a result of the defeat in the "Cold War", which was largely information war. It was clearly planned activities, the main parameters of which were asked by Directive 20/1 of the US National Security Council "Objectives of the United States for Russia", adopted on August 18, 1948. Former director of the CIA R. Gates admitted: "We understood that the Soviet Union could not take Neither the economic pressure, nor the arms race, nor, all the more, by force, it was necessary to provoke, organize, stimulate the internal explosion. "
It is possible to bring some more frank recognition of Wester's leadership figures from a selection, published in the "Knowledge-Power" newspaper (candid confessions // Knowledge-power. N31 (70), 1998):
"We have spent trillions of dollars over forty years to make a victory in the Cold War against Russia." (US Secretary of State J. Beker).
"Russia is a defeated power. She lost to the titanic struggle. And it was not Russia, but the Soviet Union" means running from reality. It was Russia called by the Soviet Union. She challenged the USA. She was defeated. Now it is not necessary to fow illusions about the greatness of Russia. It is necessary to beat off the hunt for such a way of thoughts ... Russia will be fragmented and under guardianship. " (Secretary of the Trilateral Commission Z. Brzezinsky).
"The collapse of the Soviet Union is, is definitely the most important event of modernity, and the Bush administration showed striking art in his approach in this problem ... I would prefer Chaos and Civil War of the reunification trend in a single, strong, centralized state." (A member of the Tripartite Commission, the head of "BNAY BRIT" G.Kissinger).
These statements speak for themselves and do not require comments.
According to a number of well-known researchers, such as I.N. Panarin, S.E. Kurginyan, L.A. Shelepin et al., Currently, information war is being conducted against Russia, which is essentially a continuation of the "Cold War" against the USSR.
In January 1995, the influential Rand Corporation was requested in the framework of the activities carried out by the US Department of Defense, to fulfill a number of research work in the field of information war. Their goal was to determine the key characteristics and features of the use of information weapons; Calculation of its impact on national security; identifying the main activities in the field of information confrontation; Strengthening national security and strengthening technological superiority in the field of information weapons, etc. The results of these works were to serve as the basis for the designation of the role and place of information confrontation in the US National Military Strategy, and a year later they were presented in the MR-661-OSD report. STRATEGIC INFORMATION WARFARE. A NEW FACE OF WAR).
In this document, for the first time, due to the awareness of the capabilities of information weapons, the term STRATEGIC INFORMATION WARFARE - "Strategic informational confrontation" appeared. Such confrontation, according to the statements of the report authors, is "the use of global information space and infrastructure for strategic military operations and reducing the impact on their own information resource."
The studies have made it possible to allocate the following key features of information confrontation (IP):
Relatively low cost of creating IP funds;
the collapse of the status of traditional state borders in the preparation and conduct of information transactions;
Changing priorities in the activities of strategic intelligence, which are shifted to the area of \u200b\u200bconquest and retention of information superiority;
complication of problems of finding the start of the information transaction;
The complexity of creating a coalition against the aggressor, which unleashed the information war.
The most important concept is the classification of strategic confrontation on the first and second generation.
The strategic IP of the first generation is more focused on the disorganization of the activities of the management systems and is carried out rather as ensuring the actions of the traditional forces and means of warfare. In the report, the strategic IP of the first generation is defined as "... one of several components of the future strategic confrontation, applied together with other tools to achieve the goal." So, in the course of all modern armed conflicts, the US military military applies traditional power methods of warfare together with the methods of information war.
In particular, during the war in Panama in 1989, the method of creating so-called journalistic pools was first tested, which was then constantly used by the US military command. The meaning of this method is that even before the start of hostilities, the command is selecting a limited contingent (as a rule, several dozen, less often - hundreds of people) representatives of loyal and influential media, instructs these people and sends to the conflict area. At the first stage of the military operation, almost all information from the area of \u200b\u200barmed conflict comes only from these journalists. Then the presence of other media representatives is gradually permitted. But journalists not included in the pools have much less opportunities. For example, during the war in the Persian Gulf in 1990-1991. All media representatives who were not included in the pool of the central command of multinational forces were not allowed to be advanced. Thus, most journalists who wanted to participate in the coverage of the War in the Persian Gulf had to be left in the hotels of Er-Riyadh and Darkhan and content with the information provided by the pools and received during the daily briefings. However, for journalists entering the pools, "media rules" envisaged significant restrictions. So, all materials were to be subjected to preview in order to find out if there is any information that can "expose American or other coalition forces."
Of course, in addition to working with journalists, other means and methods of information war are also used. For example, scattering from airplanes above the positions of the enemy troops of leaflets calling the soldiers fold the weapon. This method is applied from the First World War, and then during World War II.
And the most important step towards victory in the Great Patriotic and World War II was made by Stalin at the very beginning of the war by creating a special information agency Sovinformbüro. For a long time, the enemies of Russia purposefully created a myth that Stalin in the first days of the war was confused. This is myth and Americans well know about it. They carefully study the organizational and managerial experience of Stalin and implement Stalinist ideas in senior documents, in J. Bush's speeches after the events of September 11. The United States adopted a lot from our great leader. The entire Personal archive of Stalin was presented by the Americans former Russian Foreign Minister A.Kozyrian in the 90s of the 20th century. Apparently because his wife was a US citizen and lived at the cottage adjacent to the US Vice President.
In fact, it was in the first days of the war, Stalin did the titanic work on creating an organizational and information mechanism of victory. But the situation was hard. On June 24, Vilnius was left, June 28 - Minsk. On June 30, the fascists captured Lviv, and on July 1 - Riga. But at that time, Stalin created the informational mechanism of victory!
"Second Generation Strategic Information Conference" (2nd Generation Strategic Information Warfare)
The "Strategic Information Strategic Information Warfare" (2nd Generation Strategic Information Warfare) in the report is defined as "a fundamentally new type of strategic confrontation, caused by the information revolution that introduces the information space and a number of other areas (primarily) and ongoing For a long time: weeks, months and years. " The strategic IP of the second generation is an independent type of strategic confrontation capable (ideally) to resolve conflicts without the use of armed forces.
According to the experts of the Rand Corporation, the maintenance of second-generation IP provides for the solution of the following tasks:
Creating an atmosphere of confusion and immorality, negative attitudes towards the cultural heritage of the enemy;
manipulation by the public consciousness and political orientation of social groups of the country in order to create political tensions and chaos;
destabilization of political relations between parties, associations and movements in order to provocate conflicts, inciting distrust, suspicion, aggravation of political struggle, provoking repression against opposition and even civil war;
Reducing the level of information support authorities and management, inspiration of erroneous management decisions;
disinformation of the population about the work of state bodies, undermining their authority, discrediting management bodies;
provoking social, political, national and religious clashes;
initiation of strikes, mass riots and other stocks of economic protest;
difficulty making important decision-making bodies;
undermining the international authority of the state, its cooperation with other countries;
Damage to the vital interests of the state in the political, economic, defense and other fields.
Although the IP of the second generation is sometimes called "a fundamentally new type of confrontation", it is obvious that its main elements were actively used in the "Cold War" by the United States against the USSR.
The essence of the informational and psychological war is the impact on public consciousness in such a way as to manage people and make them act against their interests.
V.A. Lisukhan and L.A. Shelepin consider this as a certain analogue of a viral disease. "So, the virus embedded in the cell is embedded in the processes controlling the DNA molecule, they write. - The cell externally remains the same as it was, and even the processes in it goes the same type, but manages the virus it. The disease passes three phases: the introduction, release of toxins and cell death. In a psychological war, without the introduction of an analogue of the virus, it is impossible to expect any essential results into the enemy system. In such conditions, propaganda, espionage, diversions can only have an auxiliary value. The role of the virus in our case plays a fifth column-controlled "fifth column" inside the country, it should be implemented in managing public consciousness, to the ideological sphere and, as a virus in DNA, be indistinguishable from the environment. "
Unfortunately, during the years of restructuring, many Soviet media performed an instrument of information struggle against the USSR, and even the journalists themselves did not always realize it.
A modern person has the opportunity to quickly receive a huge amount of information from all over the world. But, as a rule, this is the information that comes through the media. A person sees the world through the eyes of the media, such a picture of reality is being formed in his head, which the media suggests him. In such conditions, there are tremendous possibilities for manipulating the mass consciousness, creating myths. Being often in the world torn off from the reality of characters, people can even go against their own interests.
Information weapons - the most effective weapon of modernity. Meanwhile, its application is not regulated by international law. The information war is characterized by the lack of a front line, erasing the clear boundaries between the states between the war and the world, between the participants and non-participating combat operations. The civilian population, as a rule, suffers most of all from the consequences of the information war. It is not surprising that some scientists (such as W. Cherch) call on the signing of the relevant international treaties in the field of information war, so that its use is to limit the right to the framework. The desire is undoubtedly good. Another thing is that to regulate the knowledge of the information war is extremely difficult due to its specific nature, it is even more difficult to control compliance with some provisions if they are established.
If we talk about journalists - obviously, in the conditions of information war, it is most important not to become blind performers of someone else's will, try to ensure that the activities of the media answered the interests of their country, and not those who lead a Strategic Information Warfare against it.
What is the difference between the information war and informational confrontation?
Information confrontation is a form of struggle of the parties to the impact on the information environment of the opposing party, and the protection of its own from negative information influences. The difference between these two concepts is the fact that the information war is carried out more actively using sabotage and terrorist methods. It is important to draw attention to the fact that the last terrorist attacks in Moscow have always been accompanied by information transactions, for example, false calls to the police with reports that allegedly minted by some station or airport. Thus, a complex of knowledge of the information war is formed.
Types of information wars.
It is important to distinguish two types of information confrontation - this is an informational psychological confrontation and information and technical confrontation.
They differ primarily by objects and protection. Informational and psychological confrontation has 4 main security objects:
1.
Political decision-making system.
2.
System of formation of public opinion. For example, in January 1996, President Yeltsin had a rating of 3%, but in June 1996 he wins the elections to receive 41% of the vote, for the sake of achieving this result, various information technologies were used. Another example is if in August 1998 only 10% of Americans supported the US War against Iraq, then in January 1999 there were 88%. The reason for this was the fact that in Iraq Hussein began to compare with Hitler, announced numerous crimes against the Kurds, an active propaganda campaign was unleashed. When she reached a peak, Iraq's bombing began.
3.
System of formation of public consciousness. Here you can highlight 4 main components - these are books, movies, television, print media.
4.
Psychological impact on the psyche of decision makers. In order to force the leader of the opposite side to act in accordance with the purpose of the information war, various operations are carried out. For example, pits are invented, various disinformation materials are printed. The purpose of this is the introduction of the enemy into a stressful state, which will subsequently affect decision-making. This technique is actively applied against Russian leaders.
As for the technical component directly, there are three main objects here:
Data transfer system (enemy task to intercept information, it is decoded),
The information protection system (information is obtained from various sources, it is stored somewhere in a protected form, the task of the opposing side to get it and use for its own purposes),
Radioelectronic struggle (for example, you can remember the war in Yugoslavia, when 300 Serbian tanks 40 days bombed the bomber of the United States and the UK. However, only 13 tanks were damaged, because Avaks aircraft went on false purposes, as special planes were made on wooden layouts. Devices that simulated tanks. In fact, the target of the air campaign was not achieved, but thanks to the psychological impact on the leader of Yugoslavia Milosevic, who was promised personal integrity, and later this promise was broken, the goal was still achieved).
Thus, sometimes methods of information and technical impact are carried out in a complex with methods of informational and psychological confrontation.
Foreign policy propaganda.
After the start of Georgian aggression on August 8, 2008, President of Russia D.A. Medvedev, interrupting vacation, decides: to terminate the genocide of the Ossetian people and force the Georgian leadership to the world. For Saakashvili and his overseas patrons, Russia became a complete surprise. We expected diplomatic statements, and in response to aggression against South Ossetia and the murder of Russian peacekeepers, regular Russian military units with severe combat equipment - tanks, warmts, salvo-fire systems, aviation - Roksky Pass passed. Russian troops entered not only in South Ossetia, whose people in August 2008 were afraid to destroy from the Georgian warriors who actually actually with the cruelty of the fascists, but also to Abkhazia to prevent the possibility of repetition of the South Ossetian tragedy.
After the punishment of the aggressor in accordance with the norms of international law, the information pressure on our country is continuously increasing, which defended Ossetian people from destruction. In fact, in August 2008, a dirty information war was deployed against Russia. Actively participated in it, first of all, American and British media. In the materials of CNN, the BBC and a number of other media dominated anti-Russian materials. In the United States, Great Britain and some other countries, attempts to negative formation of the image of Russia increased.
Aggressive anti-Russian propaganda is trying to impose negative information cliches about Russia with the world community. Unfortunately, the "five-day August war" in the Caucasus showed our inconsistency in defending their goals and interests in the global information space.
Therefore, Russia soon needs to formulate and give an adequate information response, first of all - in the European and post-Soviet space. The time passed after the "five-day August war" in the Caucasus showed that while the Russian political elite is trying to make the appropriate conclusions after the information aggression of the United States, Great Britain and a number of other countries against Russia. Several public events passed with the participation of leading Russian experts, which analyzed the course of the information war against Russia (September 17, 2008 - organized by the public chamber Round table "Information aggression against Russia: methods of confrontation", October 2, 2008 - Organized by the Party "Fair Russia" International Conference "Information Wars in the Modern World").
The main problem, which was apparent during the discussions, is a clear underestimation of the role of the information confrontation of the modern Russian political elite in the context of increasing global economic and geopolitical competition in the world.
After the coercion of Georgia and its overseas patrons to the world, the geopolitical and geoeconomic role of Russia in the world will largely be determined whether it can create an effective information confrontation system. Time requires simultaneous creation of powerful information and analytical and advocacy structures designed to implement information models of conflict resolution.
In our opinion, informational confrontation (struggle) should be distinguished in a wide (in all areas) and the narrow sense of the word (in any sphere, for example, in political).
Information conference (struggle) is the form of struggle of the parties, which is the use of special (political, economic, diplomatic, military and other) methods, methods and means to influence the information environment of the opposing party and protect their own in the interests of achieving the goals.
Main areas of information confrontation:
1.
Spiritual.
2.
Political
3.
Diplomatic
4.
Financial
5.
Economical
6.
Organizational and managerial
7.
Military
8.
Aircraft
9.
Medico-biological.
10.
Communication (telepost and cyberspace).
Examples of information wars in each of these areas:
In military sphere- Armed conflict in the Caucasus in August 2008, on August 14, EurONews television channel shows the viewers of European countries and Russia frames of destroyed Tskhinval after the bombing of Georgian aviation. However, in the credits it is reported that this is the city of Gori, which was supposedly destroyed after the bombing of Russia. The most characteristic example of the information war is the substitution of facts. There were a lot of such examples during this armed conflict.
In the financial and economic sphere - Fighting dollars with other international currencies, which is most actively developing lately. The task is to keep the dollar as the main world currency, which is not supported by anything, and make the currencies of other countries reduce their purchasing power. If we consider events in this context in the Middle East, then, of course, within the framework of the information war, this is a blow, first of all, in Europe, because from Libya, only 300 thousand refugees rushed to the West, and about 500 thousand people from Tunisia. Finding into the countries of the European Union, refugees immediately receive certain social guarantees, cards, money for these one and a half million people are not provided. Thus, a colossal blow to the economies of three countries is applied: France, Germany and Italy (countries where refugees are actively directed). It is not by chance that the Italian leadership appealed to the EU manual with a call for help, because the flow of refugees hurried to the territory of Italy. This is a special method of information war.
In the diplomatic sphere - An example of an acute political confrontation is the excellent actions of our representative in the UN CHURKINA Vitaly during the events in August 2008, where he brilliantly conducted an operation and, from my point of view, won.
In the political sphere I would like to note the election. My book "Information War and Elections" is devoted to this topic. Everything that happened on the territory of Ukraine, Georgia and a number of other republics at the beginning of the 21st century, from my point of view, there were no ways of a legitimate expression of the will of the people, but carrying out special information and offensive operations in order to bring the forces acting in the interests of "Zaocian Sponsors. "
The information war can be carried out in a narrow or wide ranges. In the narrow range means that the war is carried out in one of the areas of military, political, financial and economic or diplomatic. And in a broad sense - when it is carried out in the entire range of 4 main main areas of activity, as well as in others, for example, in the innovation field (when the intellectual capital is derived from Russia - "brainstorming". The best specialists, scientists from Russia are leaving for The border and work in the Silicon Valley or in Shanghai (there are now about 30 thousand Russian specialists), where they receive 3-5 thousand dollars a month at the time, as in their own-country they offer less than one thousand).
Two types of informational confrontation should be allocated:
Information and technical
Informational and psychological.
With information and technical confrontation, the main objects of impact and protection are information and technical systems: data transmission systems (SPD), information protection systems (SZI) and so on.
When informational and psychological confrontation, the main objects of impact and protection are:
1.
The system of making political and economic decisions.
2.
System of formation of public consciousness.
3.
System of formation of public opinion.
4.
The psyche of the political elite and the population of opposing parties.
Information confrontation includes three components:
Strategic analysis
Information impact
Information opposition.
Russia should immediately consider the possibility of creating a special organizational and management and information and analytical mechanism (tool), which can perform organizational and management and information and analytical functions for the development and conduct of information operations (defensive and offensive).
Evolution of the concept of "Information War"
What is the fundamental difference in information wars from Troy (about 3000 years ago) to Mr. Assange, who used a new element of the management of the XXI century information war using not only the Internet, but also other information technologies. I would like to pay attention to that the content (content) practically did not change: rumors, disinformation, distortion of facts - all this is present. But methods of communicating information are radically different. To date, a global information environment has been created, so, about 468 million Internet users have been registered in China, in Russia - about 50 million users. Almost a second in a second, information of any content, both positive and negative appears in this global field. The question arises, how to react to this information, how to contact her to protect your national interests?
How to protect yourself from information impact?
Here it is necessary to mention Alexander Nevsky - the Great Russian Prince, the genius of the information war. He proclaimed, in my opinion, a magnificent formula for the conduct of the information war: who will come to us with a sword, he will die from the sword.
In the information war, we must have a clear shield - this is federal legislation, the doctrine of information security, the protection of its own information space by legal, organizational and technical means. But at the same time there should be a sharp sword that would face our opponent. The information war is the struggle of two shields and two swords. In our country there should be a strong shield and a sharp informational sword, and between them there should be an intelligence space - analysis. These are the three components of the information war - the impact, analysis and opposition.
Russia and world information wars.
Globalization of the information space is coming, the strengthening of information wars, which, from my point of view, have long been the main factor in world politics. Russia must take active efforts in order to strengthen its information shield. With regret, I will note that our shield is twice as weaker than American. In Russia, there are much more liberal views on the media - it is on the one hand well, but on the other hand, the activity of knowledge of the information war in recent decades does not give us grounds to act in a more mild mode than the United States. Our task is to use American experience. From the point of view of the sword, Americans have global television (CNN), which makes it possible to affect any point in the world. We correctly accepted the decision in 2005 by creating a satellite TV channel Russia Today, but it is inferior in terms of broadcasting, the impact on the audience, etc. The task of our leadership is to maximize this attention, strengthen financing, support the initiative in order to counteract information attacks, protecting the global interests of Russia.
There is a need to create a system of information confrontation in Russia, part of which should be foreign policy propaganda.
Russia in order to win information wars, it is necessary to create special organizational and management and analytical structures to counteract information aggression against our country.
Key system components:
1. Council for public diplomacy, including representatives of government agencies, media community, business, political parties, NGOs, etc. The Russian Council for Public Diplomacy may lead the president.
The Council may be: adviser to the President of Russia for advocacy, heads of information and analytical departments of the Presidential Administration of Russia, Secretary of the Security Council, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ministers of Information and Culture, Heads of Committees on the International Affairs of the State Duma and Federation Council, leaders National media, figures of science, education and culture, representatives of the political elite of Russia.
All actions in foreign policy media space must be coordinated. In addition, a major business should be connected to the information support process of the official Russian foreign policy line. Today, no large Russian company, having colossal profits, is not able to protect their own image from damage, which is purposefully applied by a number of Western media. Basically large business in the face of the TPP, RSPP, small and medium-sized businesses, individual corporations, such as Gazprom, Rosneft, etc., must participate in the implementation of the country's information policy. The state and business should be developed by a single point of view on the conduct of information confrontation with geopolitical and geo-economic competitors.
2. The adviser to the President of Russia on advocacy issues should coordinate the activities of the information and analytical units of the Presidential Administration of Russia, the divisions of the Government office, Foreign Ministry, the Ministries of Culture and Information, the Security Council of Russia dealing with foreign policy information.
3. Foreign Policy State Media Holding (VGTRK, Russia Today, "Voice of Russia", "Mayak", RIA "News" and so on). It is advisable to subordinate to this mediaologist of the Russian Foreign Ministry, given, and in many respects and copying American experience.
Russia needs to restore its potential of the mechanism of foreign policy propaganda, which was thoroughly destroyed in the 90s. In this area, as in the sphere of nuclear weapons, unfortunately, one-sided information disarmament occurred. By the end of the 90s of the last century, for example, in the entire African continent there was not a single Russian correspondent point, not a single representation of domestic news agencies. Today, this information niche, which we left after the collapse of the USSR, is actively filling in China.
However, it is gratifying that the failure of the 90s was recognized by the Russian leadership. With the arrival of President V. Putin, a gradual confident recovery of lost positions began. The key step in this direction is the creation in 2006 satellite TV channel Russia Today. Recall that the leading West News Channel CNN was created in 1980. In the USSR, huge money was allocated for the construction and development of rocket and nuclear forces. However, there was no money for the creation of the Soviet satellite channel.
The Soviet political elite underestimated the information factor, and CNN has increased its influence. As one American general said in 1991, during the operation of the "storm in the desert": "While CNN does not say that we won the war, we did not win her." And it corresponds to reality. Many plots of "victorious" actions of the American troops were not removed at all on the battlefield, and in Nevada, Hollywood specialists who perfectly know how to imitate hostilities. Recall at least a well-known case with the liberation of ordinary Jessica Lynch already during the second Iraqi war in 2003. This episode was the propaganda action of the Pentagon and was rehearsed in advance, which once again demonstrates all the power of the information weapon.
Thus, 26 years are separated from CNN; Over the years of our "information hibernation" found their BBC and FoxNews niches, Al Jazira and Euronews global channels. Today, the challenge, of course, is to dramatically increase the broadcasting of our satellite channel, and, in addition to the planned innovation in Spanish, it is necessary to consider the possibility of organizing broadcasts in Chinese. From the point of view of building an information strategy, it is not necessary that the broadcasting in Chinese is conducted around the clock: it is advisable to start broadcast at least 2 hours a day. Here we can get out of our competitors. While this niche is empty, and we are obliged to take it first.
In addition, it is also necessary to think about Brazil and India, where we, providing our political and economic interests, should provide relevant information support.
In essential activization, Latin American and African directions need. Creating information and cultural centers in these regions and saturately by their respective products, we will provide our country with a positive image. In no case should you forget the old light.
Today, our economic interests provide information to various countries. An example of Great Britain is interesting in this regard, from which today we have very difficult relationships. However, in contrast to the Russian Federation, which allocates about $ 6.2 million per year on information and explanatory programs, the United Kingdom consumes $ 862 million to these goals for these purposes. It is natural that British interests in Russia and other countries of the world are very effectively covered and Protected information.
So, for example, in front of our great holiday, the day of victory, on the NTV television channel on May 5, 2009 was a very positive report, but not about the Russian army and its achievements, but about British. It was detailed about the military weekdays of Prince Harry in the ranks of the British army, about its traditions and other things.
How is the accident rate that as soon as any actions of Russian official bodies begin, which allegedly infringe the British business interests, a wave of publications about the growth of authoritarianism in Russia, violation of human rights appear immediately? It is noteworthy that enough authoritative publications, such as The Economist, Financial Times, are also involved in such campaigns. Of course, we cannot say that these and other media receive money from government sources, but there are obvious coincidences of the shaft of anti-Russian publications (the reason for which the so-called Litvinenko case has become the situation, the situation around the activities in the Russian Federation of the British Council, etc.) with quite legitimate The actions of the official structures of Russia.
The best answer, in my opinion, seems to be competent use of this experience to protect Russian national interests. First of all, we need to draw conclusions in terms of financing information programs on the MFA, Roszarubezh Center, as well as our few funds of information confrontation, first of all - Russia Today and Voice of Russia.
Foreign Policy State Media Holding must establish constructive interaction with the Euronews channel. Broadcasting in Russian of this television channel established in 1993 began in 2001.
Today, VGTRK with a 16% stake in the company's share capital is one of the 5 major shareholders of Euronews, along with TV companies of France, Spain, Italy and Switzerland.
With the fact that Russia in the face of VGTRK is the largest shareholder and financial donor of this channel, it is necessary to analyze the entire information flow of the news of the European television channel. After all, there are very few positive information about Russia on ether of EU. And during the aggression of Georgia against South Ossetia, only anti-Russian comments were walking on this TV channel, sometimes the transception framework (for example, on August 14, the TV channel showed the frames of the destroyed Tskhinval, and the string at the bottom reported that it was destroyed Gori). It turns out that Russia pays great money, and for it receives neutral or negative information about our country, or there is no such thing. But according to expert estimates in Europe, where Euronews is a leading information channel, 168 million families are watching it, that is, about half a billion spectators.
4. State Internet Holding.
It is necessary to create domestic media holdings for the production of books, video films, video games and other things to actively distribute on the Internet. He would be funded partly at the expense of the state, partly due to the business. Not so long ago, China bypassed the United States in terms of the number of Internet users: in the Middle Kingdom - 253 million, in the States - 220. The Chinese put this task and purposefully sought it to the Beijing Olympiad. Let me remind you, in Russia - 40 million users of the Internet.
Nowadays, Internet television has already appeared. All the leading TV channels have Internet broadcasting sites. I will get sick and your own experience. I almost do not read newspapers on paper, but getting acquainted with their content through the global network. It is much faster and more convenient. The new impetus to the development of the Internet gives mobile communications.
5. Information anti-crisis center.
The power of Russia should skillfully manage information flows, making constructive cooperation with the media, Russian and foreign. The situation should be excluded August 8-11, 2008, when even in news programs on Russian state television channels Saakashvili showed more than Russian leaders. At the expense of advanced information and propaganda operations, the enemy managed to impose their comments on the occurring events for some time.
On the principles of systemic and multi-levelness, the information activity of the Russian state at the federal, regional and international levels should be built. Power must in a timely manner, real-time providing its comments on the events in the world information space. The government should be able to effectively apply intentional leakage by state structures in the mass media of "sensational information". The essence of such a mutually beneficial "deal" is to create a favorable image of Russia in the global information space through such publications (reports).
An important aspect is rapid, non-unkardinized, incomplete, exposed to the bicon interpretation of comments on occurring events concerning conflict regions. In this case, unprepared speeches before the press, interviewing "on the go", the uncertainty of the wording ultimately complicate the situation, generate rumors and distrust of the authorities. Such a "information environment", in addition, contributes to destabilization of the situation in the country. The government should have been in advance to develop and implement a number of "home billets". After all, conflicts are developing, as a rule, over a long period of time. The essence of information models of conflict settlement should be in the operational "stroke" in the media of pre-prepared comments for the settlement of the situation.
6. The system of information counteraction.
7. The NGO system is a network of non-governmental organizations in Russia operating in the territory of the CIS countries, the EU, the United States (according to the American model - in Russia there are numerous non-governmental organizations funded by the US government).
8. Personnel training system for information confrontation. It is necessary to identify the main universities for multi-level training of specialists - the Diplomatic Academy of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Rags - managers, the highest level of management. The average control rate - MSU, HSE, MGIMO.
The information confrontation system may and should function at four levels:
Overall,
professional
Group
individual.
Summing up, I want to note:
FirstIt is advisable to make it in response to increasing information pressure - to create a state system of information confrontation with the participation of large business, which would be able to accumulate, coordinate and direct all information actions.
Second - need to sharply strengthen funding for information confrontation programs. Information confrontation activities should be funded on the principle of the main priority. Today, funding for information confrontation programs is more important than financing nuclear deterrence programs. Information weapons are more dangerous for Russia than nuclear weapons. And this must be recognized by the political elite of Russia.
Third - It is necessary to create a private-state system for managing the activities of information confrontation of various levels: common, professional, group and individual.
Fourth - It is necessary to start a particularly state process for the formation of a positive image of Russia abroad, primarily in Europe. The Russian national business should move from the strategy for buying football clubs to the purchase strategy of the world's largest media to change their anti-Russian information policy. For example, in Poland, more than 90% of the media belong to representatives of foreign states actively involved in information aggression against Russia. Therefore, the majority of publications about Russia in the Polish media are a negative nature.
Fifth - to expand informing the Russian-speaking population of all countries of the world. It is impossible to limit this work only by the CIS framework (although our nearest neighbors, of course, should be a region of special attention). For example, about 300 thousand Russian citizens and several millions of Russian speakers live in one Germany. Our compatriots live in many countries around the world, and work with them should be intensified. A visual example in this regard is not quite friendly to us Poland, which has introduced some time ago the so-called special "Pole map". This card allows all the Poles living beyond the territory of Poland, to have benefits when visiting their homeland. We could well introduce a "Russian map", which would allow our compatriot when visiting Russia to have the right to a preferential ticket, the opportunity to visit at discounted prices of the main centers of tourism. Thus, we will significantly strengthen the process of informational and cultural exchange.
Professor Igor Panarin, the Dean of the Faculty of International Relations (Evening Department) of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry talks about the specifics of the conduct of information wars in Russia and other countries, as well as the ways to resist them.
"The main theme of my lecture is the information war, I devoted 14 books that enjoy sufficiently popular in Russia and beyond," says Igor Panarin, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of International Relations (Evening Department) of the Diplomatic Academy of Foreign Affairs of Russia. - In most of these books there is a concept of "information war" ("Information War and Third Rome", "Information War and Diplomacy", "The First World Information War. The collapse of the USSR") ":
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In August 2008, a dirty information war was deployed against Russia
The time after the five-day August war in the Caucasus in 2008 showed that so far all attempts of Russian states make the relevant organizational and management conclusions after the anti-Russian information aggression are blocked by the ideologists of liberal colonialism, which have their supporters within the political elite of Russia.
In August 2008, a dirty information war was deployed against Russia (primarily by American and British media). In December 2011, May 2012 reminded a lot about August 2008. Although the informational impact turned out to be thinner, using real mistakes of the current Russian government, its unwillingness to active information confrontation.
The main problem is a clear "slipping" of organizational and managerial decisions in the information sphere after the adoption of the doctrine of the information security of Russia in 2000, in the context of the information war against Russia. The federal elections in Russia were held in the context of the activation of the Anti-Russian Information War. The tragic July events of 2012 in Kuban also revealed problems in the field of information counteraction of rumors and disinformation. Therefore, the most important task is the speedy adoption of the report of the informational confrontation of Russia.
The main objectives of the information war against Russia
1. Blocking the processes of creating the Eurasian Union by carrying out the global operation "Anti-Putin" and the repetition of the state coup on February 1917, with elements of the Gorbachev Perestroika and the collapse of the USSR.
2. Resignation to the approach of Russia and the EU, Russia and BRICS countries.
3. Organization of war (with the help of provocations) in the Middle and Middle East (NATO military aggression against Syria and Iran), to use the destabilization of the region against Russia.
The informational operation "Anti-Putin", developed by London, largely repeats those operations that the British Empire conducted against its main enemies in Europe - the leaders of France, Germany (Richeliele, Bismarck, de Gaulle). The USSR was also collapsed as a result of the information war, the active phase of which began with the operation "Anti-Stalin". The developers of the Anti-Putin operation are Mi-6 and the British lobby in the United States (MI-6 long-term agent Zbignev Brzezinsky, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Assistant B.obama David Axelrod - Vluk Trotsky-Bronstein). Coordinators in Russia: US Ambassador to Russia M. Makfol and Former USSR President M.Gorbachev.
Main scenarios:
Couples A.Navalny - M.Gaidar, Yashin-Sobchak (V. Yushchenko - Yu.timoshenko) - Orange Ukrainian scenario
- Georgian scenario on the drive M.Saakashvili: Long-term bunch of J.Soros - B.Akunin (Thartishvili)
- Scenario of provocation
- Information game to lead the authorities (the use of rumors in emergency and crisis situations)
- Libyan-Syrian scenario - large-scale and comprehensive disinformation on social networks and world media.
It should be paid to the fact that during the operation "Anti-Putin" mainly uses the same technologies of lies and disinformation as during the operation "Anti-Stalin". The difference is only available today more modern means of mass communication (Internet, global television, social networks), which are mainly controlled by British intelligence Mi-6 and business structures of various countries that have a legal address in British offshore zones. The group of patriot-states around V.Putin managed on March 4 to block the scenario of the public coup leading to chaos of February 1917. However, in front of new information battles with the London Center for the Maintenance of the Information War against Russia.
Theory of informational confrontation
Information wrestling (confrontation) - Form of the struggle of the parties, which is the use of special (political, economic, diplomatic, military and other) methods, methods and means to influence the information environment of the opposing party and protect their own in the interests of achieving the goals.
Main areas of information and psychological confrontation:
- political,
- diplomatic,
- financial and economic,
- Military.
Two types of information struggle should be distinguished: information and technical and informational and psychological.
For information and technical struggle by the main objects of impact and protection are information and technical systems (communication systems, telecommunication systems, radio electronic tools, etc.).
For information and psychological struggle by the main objects of impact and protection are psyche of the political elite and the population of opposing parties; Systems for the formation of public consciousness, opinions and decision-making.
Information wrestling (in the political sphere)includes three components.
The first is a strategic political analysis.
Second - informational impact.
Third - informational opposition.
Levels of information struggle:
*strategic,
*operational,
*tactical.
Model of the Russian information confrontation system
The creation of an information containment system should be the main priority of the Russian information confrontation policy.
The Russian Federation must have the powerful potential of information forces and means capable of ensuring the application of a given information and technological and information and psychological damage to any aggressor state or the coalition of information resources of global transnational corporations.
The protection of the national interests of the state implies a comprehensive countering of the information threats of regional and local scale. The armed forces and special services of the Russian Federation by the combat composition of peacetime should be able to ensure reliable protection of the country from the information attack in peacetime, as part of creating a global information command (GIK), which has special forces of a quick information response. The forces and means of the Space Sensing system GLONASS must prioritize the activities of the rapid information response units.
The interests of ensuring the information sovereignty of Russia predetermine the need to build up the informational presence of Russia in all strategically important regions of the world.
Accommodation abroad information and analytical centers GIC It should demonstrate the readiness of the Russian Federation to promote the formation of a sustainable information strategic balance of forces in the regions of Russia's vital interests. It should be possible to effectively and promptly respond to any crisis situation in the initial stage of its origin, increasing the information flows of Russian state-owned media as necessary.
Special Russian information bases GIC can be created in Cuba, in Vietnam and Mongolia, in Venezuela, Serbia, Belarus, Syria, South Africa, Argentina.
The most powerful grouping of information forces and means GIK can be placed in Cuba.
Russia should consider the possibility of applying information power to ensure its national security, based on the following principles:
Russia reserves the right to apply all forces and funds available at its disposal, if, as a result of the unleashing of information aggression, the threat of the very existence of the Russian Federation as an independent sovereign state is arising;
the use of strategic information consideration forces of the Russian Federation should be carried out decisively and systemically, consistently and systematically;
the use of information force should be carried out on a legal basis and only if diplomatic measures of permission of the crisis situation are exhausted or turned out to be ineffective.
In the definition and implementation of information containment policies, a key role belongs to the system of special structures of information confrontation.
Key system components:
1. State Council on Information Control.
2. Advisor to the President of Russia on information confrontation.
3. State Internet Holding.
4. Committee of Information Security of Russia (Information Security Service, Information Counterintection Service, Situation Center for Analysis and Forecast, Information Special Force Bureau).
It seems appropriate as well create a special system of measuresfor the organization and maintenance of information confrontation, as well as coordinating the implementation of defensive and offensive information transactions in practice.
What can be the main functions of such a system?
First of all, it seems to identify and forecasting threats in the information sphere Conducting a complex tactical, operational and strategic events By their prevention and neutralization.
The next time is the creation and maintenance of forces and funds information counteraction, as well as the effective management of them.
The system of information counteraction measures can and should function at four levels: common, professional, group and individual.
In order to unite the whole range of activities into a single whole, it is necessary to integrate them within the organizational and analytical system (OAB). It is a system for managing activities of various levels: overall, professional, group and individual.
Algorithm for the organization of information confrontation
Stage I - diagnostic.
P stage - analytical and planned.
Sh. Preparatory stage.
IU. Organizational and managerial stage.
W. Evaluation Stage.
Strategic operations
1 Operation - Gold Russia.
It is necessary to legally require a number of Western countries (primarily the United States and Great Britain, Japan, France) to return the Russian Gold of the Russian Empire (more than three thousand tons of gold).
On this occasion, legal requests should be sent to the UN and the OSCE, as well as US and Great Britain, Japan, France governments.
2 Operation - corruption barrier.
It is necessary to offer the world community a global joint program to combat Russian corruption. With the support of the UN, Russia may begin negotiations with the Government of Great Britain on the return to Russia of illegally exported capital, since 90% of these funds are located in British offshore zones (according to expert estimates about 700 billion dollars).
Thus, Russia can quickly receive hundreds of billions of dollars to overcome the second wave of the global crisis.
Spiritual and moral operations:
1. Common tribunal over M. Gorbachev for the collapse of the USSR.
2. The public tribunal over N. Khrushchev for the execution of civilians in the capital of the Don Cossacks of Novocherkassk in 1962.
Of course, the model provided by the author is not complete and completed. It can only serve as a basis for a broad discussion of scientists and practitioners, representatives of the political elite of Russia, a starting point for the development of the report of the information confrontation of Russia.
The technological revolution led to the emergence of the term "informational era"; This became the result of the fact that information systems became part of our lives and changed it to a radically. An information era also changed the way of conducting hostilities, providing social actors with an unprecedented number and quality of information.
Now you can monitor the course of hostilities, analyze events online.
However, it should be distinguished by the concepts of struggle in the information era and information struggle. Fighting information ERU uses information technology as a means to successfully achieve results. For information struggle, information is a separate object or potential weapon and a favorable goal. Information era technology made possible direct manipulating opponent information.
Thus, it can be stated that states seek to acquire information that ensures their goals, use it and protect it. These use and protection can be carried out in the economic, political and military spheres. Knowledge about the information owned by the enemy is a means to enhance the power of one side and lower the power of the other. Informational weapons affect the information that the opponent owns, and its information functions.
The information struggle is any action on the use, destruction, distortion of the enemy information and its functions, the protection of its information against such actions, the use of own information functions.
This definition is the basis for the following statements. Information struggle is any attack against the information function regardless of the funds used.
Information struggle is any action to protect your own information functions regardless of the funds used. The information struggle is only a means, and not the ultimate goal. It can be used as a means for conducting a strategic attack or counteraction.
In order for the informational struggle to be effective, it is necessary that the opposing side make three things:
1) watched fraudulent actions;
2) counted deceit truth;
3) acted after deception in accordance with the objectives of the deceiving.
The information struggle has the following structure: 1) Psychological operations - the use of information for the impact on the argument of the enemy;
2) information opposition - does not allow an opponent to obtain accurate information;
3) disinformation - provides an opponent with false information about the forces and intentions;
4) physical destruction - maybe part of the information struggle;
5) security measures - seek to avoid the opponent to find out about the possibilities and intentions;
6) Direct information attacks - information distortion without
There is a visible change in the entity in which it is located.
Objectives of the information struggle:
1) control over the information space;
2) use of control information for information attacks;
3) an increase in the overall effectiveness of the armed forces with
The ubiquitous use of military information functions.
Information struggle in an internal armed conflict as a result of a strategic information struggle.
The article discusses the fixed assets and methods of information struggle, show the importance of the information struggle in modern wars and armed conflicts, as well as the interdependence of the information struggle at the strategic level and the struggle in the internal armed conflict.
The experience of world and regional wars of the last century clearly shows that the effectiveness of the military organization when the military, therefore, political and economic purposes is reached, and in solving the tasks of ensuring the defense and security of the state directly depends on the effectiveness of the preparation and conduct of the activities of the information struggle (IB). This statement is also fair in relation to local wars and armed conflicts, as well as internal armed conflicts (VKK), which at the present stage often are asymmetric in nature, incorporated only to the inequality of the forces of the opposing parties, but also consisting in the differences of their status, ideologies, organizational forms.
The Old Testament Parable says that the walls of ancient Jericho fell on the seventh day of the siege after the Jewish king Jesus Navin fulfilled the prescription given to him: "Go around the city all capable of war and go around the city once a day; and do it six days. And Let seven priests be carried by seven jubilee pipes in front of the ark; and in the seventh day, go around the city seven times, and the priests let it be trumped with pipes; when the anniversary horn goes, when hear the sound of the pipe, then let the whole people let exclaim a loud voice, and the wall of the city will bring up to her The foundations and the whole of the people will go to the city, rushing each of each other "(Old Testament, the book of Joshua Navina)
In addition, it is quite obvious that at the present stage of the development of the productive forces, as the leading countries are transmitted to the so-called superindustrial society, an informational struggle, understood as the struggle in the information sphere through the impact on the informational parties and the protection of its own information objects from such an impact will be Just intensify. The main goal of the information struggle is the implementation of the managing or destructive impact on the mind and psyche of the enemy for the formation of its behavior, to launch the mechanisms of managed confrontation in the interests of solving the tasks of the armed struggle. The practice of the last few decades also shows that the rapid development of funds and the predetermined improvement of the forms and methods of information struggle make it possible to achieve military-political goals, effectively acting immediately in several dimensions - socio-economic, socio-political, diplomatic and generally military. It should be noted that some researchers of this subject area additionally allocate the space sphere of information struggle.
Examples of geopolitical lesions, in many respects that have become possible due to effective IB, the collapse of the global socialist system can serve as the collapse of the USSR - events that, in the opinion of some domestic researchers, were not predetermined. Another, no less bright example may be the so-called "triumphal procession of Soviet power", about which V.I. Lenin wrote that it became possible in many respects thanks to the struggle, "who connected not so much military actions as agitation."
As an example of regional changes, the trigger of which were, of course, the funds and technology of information struggle can lead the rapid transformation of political regimes in the Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa, the chaoticization of political processes in the region, which began at the end of 2010. In this regard, it seems that the creation of the United States in the late 2008 African regional command, designed to defend American military-political and economic interests in all African countries (with the exception of Egypt), was one of the elements of the Continent Control Strategy, and the command itself It became the organizational basis of the information struggle in the region. At the same time, it was originally planned that this command would take on the functions of the integrator and would be to carry out general management by the forces and means of power and civilian agencies, as well as the activities of national and international non-governmental organizations, which was reflected in the organizational and staffing command structure.
The outcome of the confrontation during the domestic armed conflict is exactly the same way as during a geopolitical or regional struggle - largely determined by the success of the confrontation of information. However, it should be noted here that the armed struggle in the framework of the domestic conflict is a consequence of two interrelated processes - permits of the internal state contradictions by the military way, as well as external influence (power, economic, diplomatic or informational). In other words, the ib of the lower level is often a direct consequence of a higher level of higher-level configuration. So, ongoing civil war in Syria for several years is derived from the confrontation of regional leaders, as well as leading world powers. Consequently, the problem of information struggle in the VKV cannot be considered in the separation from the international socio-economic processes higher levels.
However, regardless of the level on which the information struggle stems, for the impact on the individual, group and massive consciousness of people, information and psychological and information and techniques and methods are used, while the priority objects of the information struggle depending on the objectives and objectives of the armed conflict, the scale Campaigns can serve:
Consciousness and will of the country's military-political leadership;
Public opinion and the system of formation (first of all, the media, including electronic);
Social environment and spiritual sphere, worldview, ideological attitudes and psyche of citizens;
Communication and information and computing networks, database of state authorities, state structures and enterprises of the defense and industrial complex used in the execution of management functions;
Automated technological management systems in key state infrastructure segments (transport, fuel and energy complex, chemical and oil industry, water supply, telecommunications and communications, banks, finance and others);
Management systems for troops and weapons.
Essentially, the IB object is the entire information sphere, understood as a combination of information, subjects carrying out the collection, processing, dissemination and use of information, information infrastructure, as well as a system for regulating public relations arising from this.
Continued:
[opinion]
Article " Information struggle in an internal armed conflict as a result of a strategic information struggle " Published in the military-scientific journal "Bulletin of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Military Sciences" (2014, No. 27. P. 22 - 31).
Bibliography:
1. Lenin V.I. War and revolution. Complete writings, 5th ed. - t. 32. M.: State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1969. - P. 79.
2. Stepanova E.A. Asymmetric conflict as a power, status, ideological and structural asymmetry / Military thought, 2010, No. 5. - P. 51 - 54.
3. Economic theory (political economy): tutorial / under total. ed. Acad. IN AND. Viyapina. - 4th ed. - M.: Infra-M, 2008. P. 20 - 21
4. Panarin I.N. Information confrontation system / military-industrial courier, 2008, No. 41 (257).
5. Panarin I. N. First World Information War. The collapse of the USSR. - SPb.: Peter, 2010. - P. 7, 162 - 173.
6. Lenin V.I. IV Emergency All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Complete writings, 5th ed. - t. 36. M.: State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1969. - P. 95.
7. Political movements in Arab countries: prerequisites, features, prospects. Materials of the Round Table Conference / Social Network Technologies and the Revolutionary Process in Egypt / Isaev L.M. - M.: Book House "Librok", 2012. - P. 43 - 47.
8. Political movements in Arab countries: prerequisites, features, prospects. Conference Materials "Round Table" / Arab Spring in Global and Regional Measurements / Fituni L.L. - M.: Book House "Librokom", 2012. - P. 81 - 89.
9. Anichkin TB Africa is a new regional command of the US / Russia and America in the XXI century, 2008, No. 2.
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11. Shekhovtsov N.P., Kuleshov Yu.E. Information weapons: theory and practice of applying information confrontation / Bulletin of the Academy of Military Sciences, 2012, №1 (38). - P. 35 - 41.
Definitions
Informational confgnosty - rivalry of social systems in the information and psychological sphere on the impact on certain spheres of social relations and the establishment of control over the sources of strategic resources, as a result of which some participants in rivalry receive the advantages of them for further development, and others are lost.
Under information confrontation It is understood by the struggle in the information sphere, which involves a comprehensive destructive impact on information, information systems and information infrastructure of the opposing party with the simultaneous protection of their own information, information systems and information infrastructure from such an impact. The ultimate goal of the informational confession is to conquer and hold information superiority over the opposing party.
Objects and subjects of information confrontation
The object of information confrontation is any object in relation to which information impact is possible (including the use of information weapons) or other impact (power, political, economic, etc.), the result of which will be the modification of its properties as an information system. An object of information confrontation can be any component or segment of information and psychological space, including the following types: Mass and individual consciousness of citizens; socio-political systems and processes; information infrastructure; Information and psychological resources.
Subjects of information confrontation include: States, their unions and coalitions; international organizations; non-state illegal (including illegal international) armed formations and organization of terrorist, extremist, radical political, radical religious orientation; transnational corporations; Virtual social communities; Media Corporation (controlling media and mass communication - media and MK); Virtual coalitions.
Notes
see also
Links
- Manuno A. V. Objects and subjects of information confrontation. 2003.
- Stugin M. Assessment of the Security System of the Information Management System of the Russian Federation. 2006.
- Fedorov A.V. Transformation of the image of Russia on the Western screen: from the era of ideological confrontation (1946-1991) to the modern stage (1992-2010). M.: Publishing House of MOO "Information for All", 2010. 202 C.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
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