When loading or operating the operating room windows systems an error or crash may occur that will result in a blue screen with white text.

Moreover, in this case, you can only reboot the computer, since other actions will be unavailable. It is for this reason that this very screen is called the "blue screen of death" (BSOD).

What it is

The appearance of a blue screen of death means that the operating system has crashed. The reason for this failure can be very varied. A similar problem can happen to anyone, so you need to know what to do if a BSOD appears.

There is no need to worry and fuss too much. It is recommended to reboot the system unit, and all unsaved data will be lost.

Often the problem disappears after a reboot, but it is still useful to know the reason for the failure. To do this, you need to analyze a certain line located on the blue screen of death, which contains an error check line and an error check code, in order to find information on them on the Internet.

System Setup

In order to be able to diagnose and fix the problem in the event of a critical failure in the operating system, the operating system must be specially configured.

This requires:

• check that the memory dump is enabled in the Windows settings;
• being guided by the required size of the memory dump file, you need to check if there is enough free space on the system disk for its location;
• disable restarting the operating system after the BSOD appears.

Windows XP

To configure settings for the Windows operating systemXPit is necessary:

• enable recording of debug information, namely go to:

• specify how much debug information should be written in the event of a failure.

WindowsVista / 7

Windows Vista / 7 settings are similar to Windows XP settings.

Windows 8

In Windows, you can configure settings so that the operating system does not restart automatically. In Windows 8, this requires:

Decoding information in the Blue Screen of Death

Each critical error is accompanied by a detailed description and an eight-digit error code. When you first encounter a BSOD, the information displayed on it seems to be a random sequence of characters, but in fact, the description and error code will largely help to identify what caused the failure and what the error means.

The upper part of the monitor contains a description of the error, which consists of words written together in capital letters and separated by underscores.

Immediately after the error description, some troubleshooting tips are displayed. This is followed by a technical information section with an eight-digit hexadecimal error code.

Depending on the nature of the error, the code is usually supplemented with four auxiliary values, enclosed in parentheses.

If the error that caused the BSOD directly depends on a file, its name is displayed in this section.

Reasons for the appearance

There are many reasons for the appearance of the blue screen of death.

All reasons for the appearanceBSOD on Windows can be broken down into three parts:

• equipment;
• drivers;
• programs.

Video: Blue Screen in Windows

Equipment

One of the most common reasons that can cause BSODs in this category is RAM problems. You need to test it.

Also, there are frequent failures in the functioning of the data storage system. In this case, it is worthwhile to diagnose the hard drive and check the availability of free space on it.

Less commonly, a blue screen of death is caused by a problem with the video adapter and processor. It is important to test this equipment using specialized utilities.

In addition to the main components of the computer, problems may arise with additional boards that extend the functionality of the system unit. You can find out the source of the problem if you take out additional nodes and test the computer for several days without them. If the computer is functioning normally without interruption, then the problem is solved.

You can also try plugging the board into a different slot on the motherboard. After testing all components separately, test the operation of the entire system under load. In the event of a load failure, the problem is likely with the power supply. The way out is to replace the power supply unit with a more powerful one.

Drivers

It is believed that drivers are the source of 70% of BSOD cases. To cure the system, the driver must be reinstalled, after removing it. If the problem is not resolved, then you need to download the driver from the manufacturer's website and install.

There are situations when there is no way to find a fresh driver, in which case you can install an earlier version.

If replacing the driver does not help, then you should check the compatibility of the device with the operating system. If there is no compatibility, it is recommended to replace the hardware or reinstall the operating system.

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Problems encountered with software, are solved similarly. It is necessary to reinstall the existing one, or install the version downloaded from the developer's site.

The probable cause of a critical error may be the simultaneous installation of two or more anti-virus tools on one operating system.

Memory dump analysis

To analyze critical memory dumps, you can use one of a huge number of programs, for example, DumpChk, Kanalyze, WinDbg.

Let's look at the example of WinDbg (included in the Debugging Tools for Windows) how you can analyze crash dumps.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

• download the current version of the program from the developer's website;
• install the program on your computer;
• run the program;
• go to the menu item "File -\u003e Symbol File Path ...";
• in the "Symbol Search Path" click on "Browse ...";
• in the window that appears, select the location of the Symbols directory. Then press "OK" twice, then select the menu "File -\u003e Open Crash Dump ...";
• in the "Open Crash Dump" window, select the path and click "Open";
• in the "Workspace" window set the "Don'taskagain" checkbox to "No";
• the "Command Dump" window will be displayed with the analysis of the dump;
• analyze the memory dump in detail;
• it is especially important to pay attention to the "Bugcheck Analysis" section, which displays the possible reason for the failure;
• to view the complete information, click on the "! analyze -v" link;
• close the program;
• apply the data obtained to eliminate the cause of the crash.

Eliminate Blue Screen of Death errors

The lion's share of blue screen of death errors are caused by damage to some system files or the absence or incompatibility of drivers.

When the appearanceBSOD you must do the following:

Video: BSOD - Screen

Error codes

For a faster and more effective "computer treatment", you need to have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the error codes mean and how to fix the blue screen of death problem. Therefore, it is extremely important not to ignore the text that displays on BSOD. The most important information on the blue screen of death is the hexadecimal error code and its description.

The number of BSOD errors reaches several hundred. It is simply impossible to know or describe all error codes and how to eliminate them. It is much easier and more optimal to use specialized resources, which have detailed information about errors, and describe a sequence of actions to solve the problem in the most efficient and safe way.

To do this, you just need to go to the appropriate resource, find the error with the required code, study the information about it and restore the operating system in accordance with the recommendations received.

The most common errors:

• 0x00000001 - internal kernel error;
• 0x0000000A - unavailable memory address;
• 0x0000001E - invalid processor command;
• 0x00000020 - driver error;
• 0x0000002B - stack overflow;
• 0x00000051 - registry error.

In some cases, the functioning of the Windows operating system may end with the appearance of a blue screen of death, which displays a certain sequence of characters.

The appearance of BSOD indicates a critical error in the operation of the operating system. The solution to the failure depends on the system error code, which can be viewed at the bottom of the blue screen.

Yes, it's unpleasant. But not fatal. It is not clear from the error message what the cause is and how to fix it. But nevertheless, there is a sequence of actions and methodologies that should be performed in the first place, since they are universal and in most cases will help in eliminating a critical error.

Diagnosing the problem

What have you changed recently

Try to remember what you changed in the computer, its configuration and settings. The most common reason is a recent change in the settings of both the software and hardware of the computer. This includes installing new drivers, receiving OS updates.
A driver is software that enables hardware installed in your computer to communicate with Windows and operate correctly. Hardware manufacturers and developers of drivers for them cannot take into account all possible options for possible configurations of both hardware and software of the PC. Therefore, there is a possibility that the installed or updated driver is causing a fatal error.

Check your computer's internal hardware

In some cases, poor connection, bad contacts inside the computer can cause blue screen... Open the case and check all cable connections, make sure all wires are secure and all existing equipment boards are firmly seated in their connectors.
While it is not difficult to check everything for a personal computer, it is more problematic for laptop owners to do this. But you can check your hard drive and RAM to make sure they are connected correctly. Use a small Phillips screwdriver to remove the removable panels on the back of the laptop that hide the hard drive and RAM or plus the motherboard, as in the photo below. Check plug connections for tightness.

Temperature

Check the temperature of your computer: processor, video card, hard drives. Overheating can lead to equipment malfunction. One of the most common overheating is video card overheating. The second most likely culprit could be the processor.
The temperature can be checked in most modern BIOS or using special programs for Windows such as SpeedFan.

Memory check

A common cause of failures is a bad bar random access memory... When the RAM starts to fail, it leads to unstable system operation.
You can check the RAM using a program called “Memtest86”. The program is free and free to download. You can run it by burning it to a bootable CD. You need to restart your computer and boot from disk. Memtest will automatically start a test of the computer's RAM, which can take a long time. We need to wait for the results.

Run the “CHKDSK” function is used on the hard disk to scan for errors and fix possible problems. A faulty hard drive can cause a blue screen due to corrupted files. To run CHKDSK, open Computer / My Computer and right-click the drive you want to scan. Select Properties.
In the Properties screen, select the Tools tab.
Click the Check button in the Error Checking section. Your computer will ask you to restart to scan the disk.

One way to determine the cause of the failure is to narrow the search. To do this, you need to turn off everything without which the computer can work, without which it can start. Thus, if the error disappears, you will know that the cause is in one of the disabled devices.

• A desktop computer needs a motherboard, hard drive, power supply, RAM, video card, and keyboard to run.
• If the motherboard has a video connector, then we connect the monitor to it, and disconnect the external (additional) video card.
• If there are several strips of RAM available, then it is better to leave one of them, then alternate when loading options with different slots in the motherboard and memory dies.
• If the PC starts without errors, then we try to connect one device at a time and start the system until an error message appears. This will allow you to know exactly which hardware is causing the failure.
• Unfortunately, this method is not applicable to laptops, there is no option to disable devices (at least for a novice user).

BSOD Information

Time to read the error message

Often the computer will restart faster than you can, read the error message, let alone write something down. It's all about the Windows OS settings, which are set to automatically reboot.
In order to still read the message, boot into safe mode and uncheck the ““
In short:

1. System Properties \\ Advanced System Settings
2. Advanced tab
3. Uncheck the box Perform automatic restart

Click the Apply button and reboot the system.

If, however, it is impossible to boot in safe mode, then it remains to have time to read the code on the screen (about 1 s)

BSOD code and name

When the blue screen appears in front of you again, then you will have plenty of time to study it on the screen, since the computer will now restart only on your initiative.

What exactly is important and needs to be rewritten from the screen is described in detail in the section here.
The error code always starts with 0x characters
Always located after the STOP phrase:

Then go to the BSOD error description page and enter the recorded code in the search form, you will find a description of the error and possible solutions.

BSOD solution

If the operating system cannot start, try booting into Safe Mode.
Safe Mode is a stripped down version of Windows that leaves only the necessary components to boot, which in most cases allows you to boot during a crash.
To do this, while the computer boots, press the F8 button until the boot menu appears, in which you need to select Safe Mode with loading network drivers.
This will allow you to access the Device Manager, drivers, startup.

Scan for viruses

Viruses and other malware can damage windows files as a result, they can cause the system to crash. Always use an antivirus tool. Well, if the computer does not boot, then there are two options:

1. Use antivirus scanners in safe mode.
2. use a LiveCD (LiveUSB) with an antivirus (this is a bootable disk from which you can boot and check a non-working system on your hard drive with an antivirus). Almost every antivirus vendor also distributes a version of the LiveCD.

Checking the integrity of system files

Using the built-in sfc utility http: // site / sfc-exe /, you need to check the integrity of all system files protected by the Windows file protection system.
To do this, run the Command line cmd.exe as administrator
Enter cmd.exe and press Enter
In the appeared black screen (which is the command line), enter sfc.exe / scannow
A system check will begin and the modified files will be restored from the backup source.

Rolling back drivers

If the problem is hardware, the first thing to try is rolling back the drivers. Especially if you installed a new piece of hardware or a new driver into the system before the crash.
This process will restore an earlier version of the driver that the system was working with without crashing.

1. Open Device Manager. To do this, you can press the Windows + Pause key combination or open the Start menu and right-click on Computer (or on the shortcut on the desktop with the name My Computer). Select Properties. Then Device Manager.
2. Select the hardware whose drivers you want to roll back. It is possible to expand subgroups by clicking on the plus sign. Right click on the hardware icon and select Properties.
3. Go to the Driver tab. Select Rollback and Confirm.
4. Try rebooting and see how this affected the BSOD fix

Roll back Windows changes

If the driver rollback did not help, the next step is to rollback the Windows changes. In other words, it is a rollback to the state of the system when it worked correctly.
In the search bar, enter the phrase Restore. Open the found program and select the date preceding the error.
This will restore the state of the computer to the selected date, everything that you installed later or updated, all these changes are canceled. As if no one just did them, because we can say that we have returned to the past.

Insufficient hard disk space

If Windows does not have enough disk space on the system drive (on which it is installed) it can lead to system errors. Delete unnecessary files and programs from the system disk if the free space on it is less than 15% of the total.

System and driver updates

If the rollback of drivers and changes does not work, you can try to install new driver versions (if they were not installed earlier), it is quite possible that the developers have already fixed the error and all that remains is to update.

1. Click the Start button and type Windows Update in the search bar.
2. Click check for updates.
3. Then follow the instructions.

Reinstall Windows

An extreme option that you can resort to if the previous ones did not help is a complete reinstallation of Windows.
Make sure to save all of your important files in a safe place, as the hard drive will be formatted during installation and your data will be lost.

If reinstalling Windows still does not solve the problems and the blue screen still appears, then the reason is still in the hardware. You need to find and replace the faulty part of your computer.

Replacement of faulty equipment.

• On a laptop, replacing everything except the RAM or hard drive can be difficult and expensive.
• If the RAM tests show errors, change the bad bar.
• If the hard drive tests reveal errors, the first step is to back up your data and replace with a new hard drive.
• If the problem is in the video card, then it can be expensive to replace it. And it's nearly impossible to replace it in most laptops. For desktop computers, everything is easier, find a working video card, replace it for a while and see how the system behaves.

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What experienced PC user has not encountered the so-called blue screen problem? Yes, I think everyone. Meanwhile, you can quickly get rid of it only by restarting your computer. In this article, you will learn in detail what the blue screen of death is, why it can appear and how to deal with it.

It should be emphasized that the article turned out to be quite voluminous, but on the other hand, it contains absolutely all aspects and nuances that need to be paid attention to.

Blue screen looks different on every operating system. By the way, on the latest operating systems from Windows, they are no longer blue at all. For example, it is already known that Windows 8, which has not yet been released, will have a blue screen with a sad emoticon depicted on it. This OS should come out at the end of 2012. This BSoD can be seen quite often when testing various operating systems. In Windows 8, the blue screen should turn out to be more "positive" than in other operating systems.

However, some experienced users were able to see the red screen of death. And this is not a joke. This phenomenon can only be observed on Windows Vista. And in those ancient times, when Windows 1.0 and Windows 2.0 first appeared, the screen was completely black. The concept of the blue screen was introduced by an employee of the California company, Eric Noes, and has since become generally accepted.

Actually, what is the blue screen of death?

The concept of the "blue screen of death" came to us from English-speaking users. They call this common phenomenon simply BSoD, when decrypting it turns out Blue screen of death... In the official language, it is called Stop Error... The appearance of a blue screen on a computer monitor does not bode well, moreover, it indicates that you have had a critical error. This method of warning about the danger is typical only for Windows.

What is BSoD

Upon closer inspection, you can see the following inscription:. In the language of "techies" this is called the STOP code or 0x000000F4... You can also find the same inscription only without zeros, it will look something like this 0xF4. This article will use notation without zeros of just this kind. Such an incomprehensible inscription for a beginner is a kind of code with a prefix, which is calculated in the hexadecimal number system. The prefix itself is used for recognition by various system services.

Thanks to this STOP code, the system analyzes all errors and enters them into the system log. Actually a mistake 0xF4 tells us that the most important thread or process has stopped its activity in the system. What these error codes mean will be discussed below. The most detailed and necessary information for advanced users BSoD provides in Windows Serveras well as in XP / Vista / 7... Thanks to this information, an experienced user can figure out what the matter is.

Blue screen on boot

When a similar error occurs, Microsoft displays a notification about what exactly caused the appearance BSoD... The culprit for this error, according to Microsoft developers, is a system file called SPCMDCON.SYS... And on the monitor itself you can see the following inscription PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA... This error tells us that the system data contained in memory was simply not found.

Below you can see a guide for further actions, thanks to which you can prevent similar errors in the future. Below, there will definitely be technical information about the following context: STOP code 0x50 and again the system file SPCMDCON.SYS, but with parameters. For inexperienced users, this is a dense forest, which is why the developers of Windows 8 want to simplify the same ill-fated BSoD.

Top for codes that appear on a blue screen

All the most popular and common blue screen of death error codes will be listed below. An approximate reason for the error is given immediately after the error. But for a complete diagnosis, it is necessary to refer to the error parameters and interpret them using special debugging programs.

0x24	NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM	Failure in the NTFS file system.
0x2E	DATA_BUS_ERROR	Parity error in RAM.
0xB4	VIDEO_DRIVER_INIT_FAILURE	Video driver initialization error.
0xA	IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL	Invalid address for device driver access.
0x1E	KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED	A kernel-mode process is attempting to execute an invalid instruction.
0xB9	CHIPSET_DETECTED_ERROR	The chipset of the motherboard is faulty.
0x4E	PFN_LIST_CORRUPT	The driver I / O structure is damaged.
0xC2	BAD_POOL_CALLER	Memory allocation operation error
0x69	IO1_INITIALIZATION_FAILED	System initialization failed.
0x50	PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA	There is no data requested from memory.
0x8E	PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA	Same as in the previous version - the data requested from memory is missing.
0x7F	UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP	An unexpected error occurred in the kernel.
0x77	KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE_ERROR	It is not possible to read the requested kernel page.
0x7B	INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE	No access to the system partition of the disk.
0x79	MISMATCHED_HAL	Hardware incompatibility.
0x7A	KERNEL_DATA_INPAGE_ERROR	Error reading into physical memory.
0xC0000135	STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND	Error loading library.
0xD1	DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL	Driver error, memory address not available.
0xF3	DISORDERLY_SHUTDOWN	Windows was unable to shutdown due to insufficient memory.
0xC000021A	STATUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS_TERMINATED	Service running in user mode error.
0xC0000221	STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH	Driver file not found or damaged.

If suddenly you could not find an error similar to yours in this list, then you should not despair. First, you need to contact Microsoft support. They will explain and show you everything exactly, and you will also get the probable reason why you have a blue screen of death.

Why does the blue screen of death appear?

It appears because a critical error occurs during the execution of the kernel code. So it crashes. It's not uncommon to see a blue screen while installing Windows. A blue screen may appear if some parameters have been changed in the hardware of the computer. For example, installing or replacing an adapter, video card, controllers, hard drive and PCI and PCI Express devices. The drivers for these devices may be simply incompatible with the parameters of the computer, so a failure may occur.

For example, this blue screen appeared when installing Windows on a netbook. The problem was solved by deleting all partitions of the hard disk and formatting it.

What to do if a blue screen suddenly appears?

All you can do at this point is simply restart your computer. If you are an experienced user, you can work with debuggers (debuggers), that is, exit. To determine the cause of the screen of death, Windows has developed a comprehensive solution to this problem, called Debugging Tools for Windowswhich runs on 32 and 64 bit OS.

Causes of the appearance and ways to eliminate the blue screen of death

A possible reason for the appearance BSoD may be changing the settings in BIOS... I must say that quick settings do not lead to anything good at all. If for some reason you forgot which settings you made, then it is better to set the standard settings, that is default.

Also, a blue screen can appear thanks to specially created viruses that first infect the master boot record ( MBR) and the main boot sector. It is they who, according to the Windows developers, can lead to serious problems and the appearance of the blue screen of death. The computer must be checked for viruses; this is done using a recovery disk and an already installed antivirus. Almost all companies that, in one way or another, are engaged in the development of antivirus programs offer the function of burning the distribution kit to CD. This solution is offered by Kaspersky Lab. You can also download a ready-made image from the company's servers. You can check the status MBR and another antivirus utility, for example, AVZ... You can get acquainted with her work by the link.

Errors in RAM. Diagnostics

It also happens that faulty, and often dissimilar RAM modules cause a blue screen to appear. If you suddenly notice that during the installation or replacement of RAM modules, the OS does not load or a blue screen of death appears, then most likely you simply have incorrectly installed RAM. You can try to install RAM modules in other DIMM slots, or simply rearrange the DDR strips. But problems can be hidden in something else, in order to find out exactly what is the reason for the appearance of the blue screen, you need to diagnose using the standard Windows utility. Such a utility is available in Windows Vista and 7, in XP you can use a utility called Windows Memory Diagnostic, which can be downloaded from the link.

The utility creates an ISO - an image of a bootable CD that must be burned to a CD. After booting the computer from this disk, the utility begins to conduct a standard set of tests. After the first pass, the second will start and the testing will continue until the pause is enabled or the computer is restarted.

In Windows 7, Microsoft has provided a tool for testing RAM. How to use it is described below.

1. So, first you need to go to " Start", Further " Panel"control", after which you need to find the icon " Administration"and click on it.
2. In the window that opens, you need to find an inscription of the following type " Windows Memory Checker".
3. In a new open window, Windows will offer you a choice of two options "" and " Check the next time you turn on your computer".
4. After that, you need to close all extraneous programs in order not to lose any important data and press " Reboot and check (recommended)".

After that, the computer will restart and the memory test will be performed. This test is usually performed in two passes. On the monitor screen, you will see the percentage of the procedure being performed, they will be both current and total. After completing the procedure, the computer will restart and you can see the test results.

But there is another way, to test the RAM using the installation disk, this is possible only in Windows Vista and 7. In order to complete this procedure, you must:

1. First you need to go to BIOS and install CD-ROM or DVD-ROM as the first boot device in the menu BOOT, after that, save all the settings and exit BIOS.
2. The computer will restart and give you a notification in the following context: " Press any key to boot from CD"after which you will need to press any key.
3. Next, you need to wait while Windows downloads all the files and in the " Installing Windows"press the button" Further".
4. Choose " System Restore", wait.
5. Further, the settings of this window will appear before you, I will immediately say that it is better not to change anything, but leave it by default. Then you need to click on the " Further".
6. In the list, select the item " Windows Memory Diagnostics".
7. In the window that opens, you must select 1 of 2 options. For instance, " Reboot and check (recommended)"and checking the RAM will immediately start working.

Quite a few users have encountered such a phenomenon as the blue screen of death. What to do (Windows 7 is most often prone to such a nuisance) in this situation, not everyone knows. And therefore, the sight of a blue screen is terrifying. However, error codes can sometimes help correct the situation. They indicate a problem. And already based on it, you need to make certain decisions regarding the treatment of your computer. Today we will learn how to deal with some of the causes of the appearance of a blue screen, and also learn what should be done to eliminate this trouble once and for all. Some advice from professional system administrators often helps even an ordinary user to deal with problems. Let us, as soon as possible, begin to study our problem today.

What

But let's start by figuring out what we're going to deal with at all. Only after that it will be possible to think about how to remove the blue screen of death. To be honest, this issue requires special attention.

So, what kind of phenomenon will we know today? death is a kind of system error. And it appears when the operating system is loaded or directly during operation. With this, you get a blue screen for a while. Hence such a strange name. It contains the codes of the blue screen of death. More precisely, the codification of the errors that have occurred. Based on them, you can figure out what is the cause of the problem. And sometimes even eliminate it.

But, as practice shows, the blue screen of death or some other) is the first sign that your computer is fading into oblivion. This means that you will have to quickly treat him. We can say that our phenomenon is a demonstration that the operating system and hardware devices refuse to work. Therefore, it is worth knowing how to behave in a given situation. Let's try to find out what can be done.

Screen problem

Let's start with you exploring some of the common blue screen of death error codes. After all, they will help you not to be scared when it appears, but to quickly move on to decisive action. For example, a blue screen of death occurs quite often, error code 0x00000116. You should not be afraid of this phenomenon.

The point is that this coding indicates that when the operating system was loaded, an attempt was made to reset and restart the display driver. And since we got an error, the action did not work. There are many ways to solve this problem. But there are some tips to help you save your data too.

For starters, you should try to reinstall the drivers on your computers. And that's all. And start with those that relate to the monitor and video card. Also, update your codecs. This helps a lot.

It would also be a good idea to disable antivirus programs when errors appear. They sometimes cause a blue screen of death. What to do? Windows 7 is known to be the most affected by this phenomenon. This means that you have to be very careful with antiviruses in it.

System load

There is no point in listing all the blue screen of death codes. Windows 7 will give you errors if any errors occur. And then, based on the data obtained, it will be possible to use a special reference book of computer errors. This lists all codes that relate to the blue screen. But still, we will analyze one more option.

Quite often, this blue screen of death appears: 0x0000007b. This error always occurs directly when the computer boots. If the previous version is able to appear while working with programs, applications, games, then this one always "does not let" into Windows.

The 0x0000007b code indicates that access to the system partition of the hard drive was lost during computer boot. The reasons can be different - from a banal virus to major damage to iron. But this problem always needs to be fixed.

Reinstallation of Windows with full formatting and reworking of hard disk partitions helps here. But sometimes the problem does not disappear even after such a radical step.

In this case, load the latest system configuration. To do this, when you boot your computer, press F8, then select "Last Known Good Configuration". The computer will boot. You can enjoy the result.

Check the compatibility of the hard drive and other hardware. If not, replace the components. After that, the problem will disappear. Often the code 0x0000007b appears after connecting a new or additional hard drive.

Rollback

Now it is worth learning the general provisions on how to remove the blue screen of death. Sometimes all the tips are quite effective, regardless of the error that occurs. And the first option that can only be advised is to roll back the system. Reception is relevant when the system boots initially.

In order to roll back, you need to go to "Start", "All Programs". Next, find the "Standard" section there, from there go to "System Tools". Select "System Restore". You will see a window with a welcome and a warning about the irreversibility of the process. Agree and select the rollback point in the next menu that opens - at the moment when the computer did not bother the blue screen of death. Click "Next" and wait a while.

During the whole process, the computer will reboot itself about 2-3 times. This is normal. After a rollback, you should reset some settings. But all programs and personal data will remain in perfect order. Quite often, this technique helps to permanently fix the problem.

Checking the package contents

If you suddenly have a blue screen of death, what to do (Windows 7 or any other operating system) - you do not know, then it's time to check the complete set of your computer. Sometimes even an old train can bring a lot of inconvenience. Particular attention should be paid to accessories in cases where you have recently changed something in your computer.

As already mentioned, often blue screen of death problems arise from hardware conflicts. This may even apply to a "flash drive". So be careful. If you suspect a hardware conflict in your computer and you do not have the necessary knowledge about compatibility, it would be better to take your device to a specialized computer help service. They will help you quickly fix the problem.

In general, carefully study the compatibility of all components on your computer. This will help you avoid many problems. Including he will not let you see the blue screen of death. Why else does it arise? And how to deal with it?

Overheat

For example, sometimes this phenomenon is seen when the computer or processor overheats. In the case of stationary versions, everything is fixed quickly and easily - either an additional cooler is installed, or the "hardware" is cleaned out (and it is better to start from this point), or completely removed from the case for greater air penetration.

But the blue screen of death on a laptop due to overheating is already a serious problem. First, the device will have to be taken to a computer service for cleaning. Secondly, it may be necessary to additionally install a cooler (and this service is not so cheap). Third, put less strain on the computer while you work. This will help avoid overheating and its consequences.

Applications

Do you have a blue screen of death for some unknown reason? What to do? Windows 7 is an unrivaled leader in this regard. And also, it was in this operating system that application conflicts and their incompatibility with each other began to arise. This may be the result of the appearance of the screen of death.

What to do in this case? First, remember after installing which program the problems started. After that set the compatibility parameters. Sometimes this technique works. But you shouldn't rely on him too much.

If the compatibility mode did not help, then uninstall the installed application. Don't want to deal with the problem for a long time? In this case, if you have nothing to lose, then simply reinstall the entire operating system. This is often the best solution in this situation.

Update

Some users complain about the appearance of a blue screen of death after updating the operating system using the built-in center. If you notice that all the troubles began after that, then you will have to roll back the system, as well as disable the automation of the process.

Go to Windows Update. There go to settings. Select the option that is marked "not recommended". That is, do not automatically check, download and install updates. Never. This will help to avoid many problems in the future. And not necessarily they will be associated with the blue screen of death.

Drivers

Another problem that can only arise and cause our today's phenomenon is nothing more than hardware drivers. Sometimes they are the ones that generate the blue screen of death. What to do? Windows 7 offers a fairly fast, simple, and secure solution. This is nothing more than a reinstallation of all existing drivers and their timely update.

To avoid inconvenience to the process, it is best to use the official websites of manufacturers to download applications. They will not infect your computer. And there is always only high-quality content. After updating and installing all drivers, it is best to restart your computer. That's all. Now you will notice how the blue screen of death problem goes away. But this does not always happen. After all, there are other reasons for the occurrence of this phenomenon.

Antivirus

Occasionally, there are situations in which a blue screen of death appears for no apparent reason. What to do? Windows 7 or any other operating system doesn't matter. The main thing is that there is one small but - it's antivirus. If you have it, then it is worth turning it off for a while. Or delete it altogether. And watch the computer. After all, sometimes it is this application that causes the blue screen of death.

The owners of Avast and Kaspersky most often suffer from this phenomenon. As a last resort, replace your antivirus. Did it help? You can rejoice. Not? Then remove the antivirus completely, and then take the computer for repair. Tell us about the problem - professionals will help you there.

Viruses

And of course, the blue screen of death can appear due to viruses on the computer. Some contagion is aimed just at this. Indeed, with this phenomenon, the entire operating system is destroyed. Is there a suspicion of infection? Then take and treat your computer.

Scan it with antivirus, antispyware and other healing content. Disinfect all dangerous objects, and then remove what did not succumb to the process. This is usually enough. Also, clean your computer's registry - this is important. Now look at the result. If all is useless, reinstalling the operating system will help. But first it's worth trying a rollback.

Good day, dear readers!

It is unlikely that some of the active computer users have not come across such a thing as a blue screen with a bunch of white inscriptions, which can only be gotten rid of by restarting the computer.

In this article I will tell you what it is, why it happens, and how to deal with it. The article turned out to be very long, but it sorted out all the moments from the causes of the blue screen of death to their elimination.

Blue screens of death look different on different computers and operating systems (OS). Recently, they have become already not quite blue.

For example, the developers of the new Windows 8 are offering us such a blue screen with a depicted sad smiley face, its release is scheduled for 2012. This BSoD can be observed quite often when testing the capabilities of a new operating system. Perhaps this is one of the most positive, so to speak about BSoD, blue screens of death.

However, some had to meet the red screen of death in early windows versions Vista, which served as blue. In the older days of Windows 1.0 and Windows 2.0, the screen was completely black! The blue screen has been called since 1991, when such a name was proposed by Erik Noyes, an employee of one of the California companies. Since then, the concept of "blue screen of death" has become generally accepted.

What is the blue screen of death

A concept that came from the English language and translated into our native language. Actually, as you already understood, BSoD and "blue screen of death" are one and the same thing. BSoD stands for Blue Screen of Death or Blue Screen of Doom. The official name of the phenomenon is Stop Error.

When you see a blue screen on your computer monitor, it indicates a critical system error. This way of informing the user about the failure is typical for Windows.

So what is BSoD? In fig. 1 can parse the CRITICAL_OBJECT_TERMINATION entry. This is a blue screen of death error with code (technically correct - STOP code) 0x000000F4. A short notation is also used, with the discarding of zeros after 0x - 0xF4. Further in the article, just such an entry will be used when there are no other numbers. Blue screen of death codes are hexadecimal notation with a prefix 0x... This prefix is \u200b\u200bused for recognition by system services using the language C.

With the help of the STOP BSoD code, the system identifies the error that occurred and writes an entry to the system log for further analysis and prevention of an error in the future. The 0xF4 Blue Screen of Death error indicates a crash due to an unexpected termination of a system critical process or thread. We'll talk more about the meanings of the blue screen of death errors below.

More detailed information for advanced users is provided by the BSoD used in the Windows XP / Vista / 7 operating systems, the most common ones today, as well as Windows Server 2003.

Figure: 2. Blue Screen of Death in Windows XP / 2003 / Vista / 7 Using this BSoD, it is much easier for an advanced user to figure out what the problem is.

First, Microsoft notifies the user that the BSoD is caused by a shutdown to prevent the computer crashing. The following is the system file SPCMDCON.SYS - the culprit, according to Windows, of the emergency shutdown. Below is the very error of the blue screen of death PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA - indicates that the data contained in memory was not found. The following is a guide for further actions by the user in order to prevent the occurrence of such an error in the future. Below is the technical information: STOP code 0x50 and again the SPCMDCON.SYS file, already with parameters.

Agree, this BSoD can lead to much more confusion for an inexperienced user than the one offered by the developers of Windows 8.

The most common blue screen of death codes

Let's list the most common blue screen of death errors. The following is a brief description of the reason why the Blue Screen of Death is most likely to appear. However, to accurately diagnose the problem, it is still necessary to refer to the error parameters and interpret them correctly using debug programs.

0xA - IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - invalid address when accessing the device driver;
0x1E - KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED - A kernel-mode process is trying to execute an invalid instruction.
0x24 - NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM - failure in the NTFS file system;
0x2E - DATA_BUS_ERROR - parity error in RAM;
0xB4 - VIDEO_DRIVER_INIT_FAILURE - video driver initialization error;
0xB9 - CHIPSET_DETECTED_ERROR - motherboard chipset is faulty;
0xC2 - BAD_POOL_CALLER - memory allocation operation error;
0x4E - PFN_LIST_CORRUPT - damaged I / O structure of the driver;
0x50 or 0x8E - PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA - there is no data requested from memory;
0x69 - IO1_INITIALIZATION_FAILED - system initialization failed;
0x77 - KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE_ERROR - reading of the requested kernel page is impossible;
0x79 - MISMATCHED_HAL - hardware incompatibility;
0x7A - KERNEL_DATA_INPAGE_ERROR - error reading into physical memory;
0x7B - INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE - no access to the system partition of the disk;
0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP - unexpected error in the kernel;
0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - driver error, memory address unavailable;
0xF3 - DISORDERLY_SHUTDOWN - Windows could not shutdown due to insufficient memory;
0xC0000135 - STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND - error while loading the library;
0xC000021A - STATUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS_TERMINATED - error of a service running in user mode;
0xC0000221 - STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH - driver file not found or damaged.

If your blue screen of death error is not in this list, then you can find it on the Microsoft technical support sites. It contains an explanation of the most likely causes of failure for each error, as well as the interpretation of BSoD parameters - this is necessary for a quality troubleshooting of the problem leading to the appearance of BSoD.

Blue screen of death, what to do

Why does the blue screen of death appear? There can be a lot of reasons. In general, BSoD occurs when a critical error occurs while executing kernel or driver code in kernel mode.

The blue screen of death appears, for example, when any changes have been made to the hardware of the computer: replacement or installation of a video card, audio adapter, hard drive, controllers and devices of PCI and PCI Express buses. The driver for these devices may be poorly or incompatible with the existing configuration of the computer, which leads to problems and the appearance of BSoD.

When BSoD appears, only restarting the computer helps, as a result of which all unsaved user data will be lost.

The user has the option to manually invoke BSoD. This is only done if there is no other way to detect a system malfunction. To call BSoD, it is possible to assign a specific combination of "hot" keys. Therefore, in an unfavorable set of circumstances, the user can accidentally cause the appearance of BSoD.

Do not abuse the manual BSoD call procedure to avoid information loss or software problems. In addition, the artificially induced blue screen of death will not display the information the user needs. You may also encounter difficulties in the hardware dependence of this procedure: in particular, there are restrictions on calling BSoD from keyboards with a USB connector. More information about invoking the blue screen of death can be obtained from Microsoft document Q244139.

So, the blue screen of death appears, what to do in this case? The only thing you can do at the moment is to reboot. Further, if you are a fairly experienced user and are not afraid of working with debuggers (debuggers), then there is a solution. Microsoft Corporation has developed a comprehensive solution to determine the cause of BSoD. Debugging Tools for Windows with support for 32 and 64-bit OS, which is included in Microsoft SDK for Windows.

Reasons for the appearance of the blue screen of death

Changing the BIOS settings in a hurry can also be the cause of BSoD. If you don't remember exactly what changes were made (especially if several changes were made), then the best solution to avoid the blue screen of death error is to bring the BIOS settings to the default state.

There are viruses that are designed to infect the Master Boot Record (MBR) as well as the boot sector. They can also cause malfunctions and a blue screen of death error. You can check your computer for viruses by booting from a recovery disk with antivirus installed. Many antivirus companies, such as ZAO Kaspersky Lab, offer in their solutions the function of creating a CD from an existing distribution kit. In addition, you can download a ready-made image from the company's servers. You can also check the status of the MBR with the AVZ antivirus utility. You can read more about working with the utility at the link.

Memory problems. Diagnostics

Often faulty and sometimes unequal RAM modules can cause a blue screen of death error. If you notice that after installing, re-installing, replacing RAM modules, the OS does not load or a blue screen of death appears, you can try to install memory modules in other DIMM slots or swap DDR slots - this often solves the memory problem. However, problems may lie elsewhere, and you can identify the cause of this by diagnosing RAM using the standard Windows memory checker. The utility is available in Windows 7 and Vista (for Windows XP you can use the Windows Memory Diagnostic utility)

Let's see how the diagnostic tool works:

2. In the window that opens, select from the list "Windows Memory Checker" (usually the third from the bottom).

3. In a new window, Windows will offer you to choose from two options: "Restart and check (recommended)" and "Check next time you turn on the computer."

4. Close all open programs so as not to lose any data, and click "Restart and check (recommended)".

The computer restarts and the memory test runs. The test is usually performed in two passes. The screen shows both the percentages for the current pass and the total. After the test is completed, it will reboot and display the test results.

Figure: 3. Checking the computer for memory problems There is another possibility - to test the state of the RAM from the boot disk (Windows Vista and Windows 7 only). For this:

1. Go to BIOS and set the CD-ROM (DVD-ROM) as the first boot device in the BOOT menu, then exit the BIOS and save the settings.

2. After rebooting, the bootloader will display the message "Press any key to boot from CD", press any key.

3. Wait while Windows downloads the files. In the Windows Setup window, click Next.

4. Select "System Restore", wait.

5. Leave all the settings in the "System Recovery Options" window by default ("Use recovery tools ...") and click "Next".

6. Select Windows Memory Diagnostics from the list provided.

7. In the new window select 1 of 2 options. For example, "Reboot and Check (Recommended)" to start checking the memory immediately.

The computer will reboot and the memory test will begin.

Hard disk diagnostics

Hard disk drive (HDD) problems can also cause the Blue Screen of Death error to appear. Windows utility CHKDSK allows you to check your hard disk for errors and bad sectors. With this utility it is possible to recover damaged HDD sectors. To run the check, follow these steps:

1. Open Windows Explorer.

2. Right click on the section you want to check and select "Properties".

3. In the new window, select the "Service" tab.

4. At the top of the tab, click on the "Check" button.

5. A new window "Check disk" Disc name "" will open. The user can choose 1 of 4 options for checking the disk, depending on which items he ticks. If you just want to know if your disk has errors, uncheck the box at the top. In this case, Windows will not fix system errors. You can also carry out a comprehensive research and recovery of damaged HDD sectors by selecting both items. Attention! Windows will not be able to automatically fix system errors and recover bad sectors while the selected partition is active, i.e. in use. Therefore, a system reboot may be required to complete the check. In this case, in the warning window that appears, click on the "Schedule disk check" button. After restarting the PC, a disk check and user-selected actions will be performed. For more information on how CHKDSK works, check out this.

6. Click the "Run" button and wait for the test results.

After verification, a new window will display both brief and detailed information about the status of the tested partition.

Figure: 4. Checking the hard disk If the CHKDSK utility has done its job, and errors in the disk work again, you can conduct a deeper test. To do this, you need to resort to utilities developed by hard drive vendors.

In addition to the ability to diagnose the state of the disk drive from the outside, all modern HDDs and SSDs (solid-state drives) are manufactured with the built-in manufacturer's ability to self-monitor and self-test their state, as well as estimate the time of the supposed failure of the device. This is S.M.A.R.T. To access the diagnostic data of this technology, you need to use one of the programs that can read the data transmitted by the disk controller program. There are paid and free programs with the support of such a possibility. One of the modern free software is CrystalDiskInfo

Figure: 5. S.M.A.R.T. using CrystalDiskInfo As you can see in the screenshot, the program provides all data on the disk, including its current temperature, the number of starts, the total number of hours of operation. Below in the list are technical data, which can be used to judge the physical wear of the disk. The current and worst values \u200b\u200bare the actual performance of this disc at the moment and ever, respectively. The threshold is the value below which the manufacturer of this hard disk cannot guarantee stable and uninterrupted operation of the device.

Despite the seemingly flawless technology, in practice many companies and individuals complain that hard drive failure often occurs at normal S.M.A.R.T. Therefore, you can trust this technology only with an eye to the possible erroneous data, which nevertheless does not implore all the advantages of this technology.

Memory dump

For a qualitative perception of the information below, we will give a definition of the concept of a memory dump. Memory dump - the contents of the working memory of one process, kernel, or the entire OS. A memory dump contains technical information about the state of a system or an individual program.

It should also be noted that memory dumps are different.

By default, in modern operating systems, such as Windows XP / Vista / 7 (below we will consider only these Windows operating systems as the most common), when the blue screen of death appears and you restart the computer, a debug information record is created in the MEMORY kernel memory dump file. DMP. It will contain all the information you need to diagnose the cause of the failure and prevent it in the future.

Full memory dump contains comprehensive information about system status and problems. The OS also saves this information to the MEMORY.DMP file by default.

A small memory dump can be used to create a dump file. It contains only general system information, which is often not enough to correctly diagnose the cause of the blue screen of death error. A small memory dump file is appropriate only in cases where disk space is extremely limited. If you are comfortable with disk space, it is best not to use a small memory dump to create a dump file.

So, by default, when Windows XP / Vista / 7 crashes, it creates a memory dump file MEMORY.DMP and writes debug information to it, the parameters of the crash. The dump file MEMORY.DMP is then saved to the% SystemRoot% folder. Subsequently, the dump file can be sent to developers to find out the cause of the BSoD.

Also, the user can independently configure the storage of technical information in case of system failure. Let's configure the OS recovery options. To do this, we will sequentially perform the following actions:

If you are using Windows 7 or Windows Vista:

1. Go to "Start", "Control Panel" and select "System" or right-click on the "Computer" icon and select "Properties".

2. At the bottom of the left column, click "Advanced system settings".

3. Go to the "Advanced" tab.

If you have Windows XP, then do the same, except for the 2nd step.

Figure: 6. Configuring OS recovery parameters The new Boot and Recovery window contains OS boot parameters and actions in case of its failure. Here you can choose the most appropriate BSoD recovery options. In particular, the user can choose from which memory dump the dump file will be written. And also change the name of this file and the directory where it will be saved. Note that you should not change the name of the dump file if you intend to subsequently send it to Microsoft or other developers for analysis.

1. The problem of compatibility of drivers of the hardware filling of the computer, although not the only one, but the main reason why the blue screen of death appears. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly update the device drivers of your computer. Moreover, what is important, this should be done only from the official websites of hardware manufacturers or from the websites of their partners. Otherwise, you risk getting a virus or malfunction of the device for which the driver is intended.

2. Install software products only from well-known and well-established companies that value their reputation and are responsible for the stable and uninterrupted operation of their software.

3. Be sure to download all the latest software and OS updates to fix incompatibilities and vulnerabilities. The blue screen of death also appears when a program cannot correctly interact with the system kernel: it may be incorrectly written code, for example, leading to a loop, or vulnerabilities through which viruses, exploits, rootkits and other infections can enter the program code. capable of disabling hardware, among other things.

4. Viruses are one of the possible causes of BSoD. For stable operation of the OS and programs, use a good antivirus with a firewall (firewall) or an integrated solution of the Internet Security class.

5. If the blue screen of death error occurs and appears frequently, entrust the solution to the problem to specialists, if you yourself are not 100% confident in their abilities. There is absolutely no advertising in this. The point is that if you use licensed software, you are entitled to free technical support. In addition, in addition to Microsoft, today such services are provided, for example, by some anti-virus developers.

6. When BSoD appears and then restarts the computer, all unsaved data is lost. To keep your information safe, back up your data to external storage devices.

7. Computers, like humans, do not last forever. They, too, get sick, get old and die. Too old and outdated computers can jeopardize your efficiency. Moreover, the computer should give its user pleasure, and if it constantly fails, which is more typical for an experienced PC, then there is no need to talk about it. Blue screens of death appear more often on obsolete computers, when hardware developers stop supporting their products.

8. Computers need cleaning. It is necessary not only to wipe, purge the computer components, but also to clean the system from piled up temporary OS files and programs, as well as other informational debris that is of no value. It can also prevent BSoD.

Take another look at the BSoD images at the beginning of the article. The main task of the blue screen of death is to warn the user about problems with his computer and prevent possible negative consequences. Therefore, you do not need to be afraid of BSoD, but you need to reason in this vein: blue screen of death, what to do? And then you need to work with this problem until it is fixed.

I hope, dear readers, you enjoyed the article and was useful. Health to you and your computer!