Russian computer program. Russian operating system Rosa Desktop

Recently it was reported that soon on all computers intended for government agencies, there will be no "traditional" Windows operating system. Instead, there will be a Russian OS. It is planned to start testing it next year.

Optimistic forecasts

The most popular project that can claim such a significant role is Synergy. This system has a Linux kernel. Not so long ago, it was decided to start its development. This was decided by a joint commission and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center, located in the city of Sarov. It should be noted that it is at Synergy that the operating system must be intensively tested. It needs to be fine-tuned to be applicable to user database management systems.

I would also like to note that this idea is an initiative of Rosatom specialists, because imported software is very important in nuclear power. It's time to pay attention to Russian products. Experts promise that the new operating system will be reliably protected from hacking, not inferior to its foreign counterparts.

Last straw

The speed of this decision was influenced by the release of the next service pack for Windows 7, which happened in August 2014. Ironically, they have been abandoned by thousands of computers around the world. This is because the updates had critical bugs. In addition, there were malfunctions in Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1 systems, which made the situation much worse.

What is it for?

It should be noted that recently the issue of the release of the Russian operating system has been often discussed. True, this happened in an ironic manner. However, users are not to blame for the lack of patriotism. As practice shows, often domestic projects are able to offer only "boring wallpapers" and a new Ubuntu theme. It is necessary to take into account what requirements a promising Russian operating system must meet before deciding on its invention. It is also important to foresee the basic principles laid down in it. You can turn on your imagination and imagine which areas should be paid attention to when developing.

"Children's diseases"

It is always necessary to start based on previous experience. It doesn't have to be positive. We are talking about the ancient "Spectrum" with a slightly rethought DOS, as well as the "fundamentally new" BedOS 2 "Tanya", which appeared relatively recently and was installed in computer clubs. They were Windows 98 reworked almost beyond recognition. Thus, operating systems did not act as a separate product. They were just reworked tools of a world famous software manufacturer, although they had a new interface.

Tasks of domestic developers

When the development of a truly new Russian operating system for computers begins, its authors face a huge number of tasks.

It is worth dwelling on the main ones:

An operating system designed to perform all tasks must operate on Russian-made servers and workstations;
creation of working and functional virtualization tools for the OS;
creation, development and support of the Russian application development environment;
production of tools that can be used to automate testing;
the creation of a Russian "application store" to give a decent answer to the AppStore and the like;
development of an operating system that can function not only on desktop devices, but also on mobile equipment;
release of design tools to facilitate the development of new applications;
the behavior of the analysis of the business sector of the economy, as well as the creation of a special cluster of programs for it;
the Russian operating system must have its own working environment (DE);
development of new tools for installing and debugging created programs;
the possibility of painless migration of business, as well as home users from previous versions of operating systems;
creation of training courses to familiarize users with the Russian operating system for a personal computer, with its capabilities and prospects;

As for the Russian OS for mobile devices, it should become a worthy competitor to iOS, Windows Mobile, and Android.

A few words about the users of the new OS It's no secret that modern home computers are usually game-oriented. It should be noted that the PC market is known for a huge variety of computer hardware. The dominant role is played by the Windows operating system. It is used by most users. All their habits in this segment are characterized by ingrained conservatism, so it is unlikely that it will be possible to change concepts. It follows from this that, most likely, the new Russian OS will initially be focused on state-owned enterprises, as well as corporate segments of the economy and the military-industrial complex.

What are the requirements for the new OS?

1. The relatively low price of not only the system itself, but also the device that supports it and allows it to work stably.
2. Possibilities of "cloud" work with documents.
3. Availability of scalability. It is best if it is tailored to the requirements of a large organization.
4. Maximum speed of information processing.
5. High degree of reliability and security, including the penetration of viruses into the system.
6. Creation and development of the operating system should be carried out in accordance with modern trends in the computer technology market.

It should be noted that the Russian operating system "Rosa" is well protected from the effects of malicious programs. In addition, it is another Linux distribution. It is also important to be able to use the OS on a computer designed not only for government agencies, but also for homework. In this way, you can attract a new audience. Full compatibility with well-known common examples of computer equipment and peripherals is also of great importance.

Creation of an operating system in accordance with the development of the hardware

Today, processors exceed 14 nm. Domestic "Elbrus" 65 nm saw the light. At the same time, it is planned to release a new type of capacious memory ReRam in the near future. It will differ in speed, leaving far behind all the latest SSD (NAND).

In other words, the primary task is to create a system that works not only on an existing, but also a promising device. These are the plans of leading manufacturers. True, this is not an easy matter, because many have doubts that such an idea will be successful. Now it's worth talking about advances in this segment, which are more real.

A few words about "Chameleons" and more

Modern domestic operating systems can go in two real directions of development. First of all, I would like to note the quite justified interest of the military. It is for them that protected domestic software is important. The second way can be noted as "patriotic development". Sometimes there are projects on the Internet that have been developed by authors announcing a Russian operating system. It is worth mentioning an OS like Xameleon.

As for the technological side of the issue, it is very similar to Mac OS X. This can be seen in the use of a microkernel. The Chameleon operating system uses the L4 development, while Mac OS X provides the Mach microkernel. This is the small difference between the two products. True, the domestic "answer" today does not even have an elementary GUI. As you might guess, this is a graphical interface.

Other candidates

Some people know the operating system "Patriot OS", developed by a Russian manufacturer. For a long time, Boomstarter has been collecting donations for its release. It is planned to collect an amount of 38,500,000 rubles. This already causes ridicule among many, as you can freely verify by looking for this information on the Internet. The reason for this mistrust among users is that such domestic projects usually recruited more than 12 million.

And if you even get acquainted with the requirements for the new operating system, it immediately becomes clear that the declared amount is clearly not enough. Even if the Russian OS "Patriot OS" counts on at least 1-2% of the software market in this area, it is necessary to collect much more. Although, this amount may be enough for a preliminary beta version. Having familiarized yourself with it, you can easily judge the prospects of the project. True, the adequacy of certain characteristics casts doubt on the entire development as a whole.

A little humor

Thus, the author of the project plans to create a modern "Patrionet" network, which is analogous to the World Wide Web. It will be available exclusively to those users on whose devices the Patriot operating system, released by Russian manufacturers, is installed. It is planned to lay in its basis unique dynamic technologies that are distinguished by high speed. However, even $ 38 million is negligible for such a thing, not to mention the domestic currency.

Distant perspectives

There is an operating system "Phantom" developed by Russian computer scientists. In theory, it is a product of Digital Zone. In fact, this is Dmitry Zavalishin's “home preparation”. Every year he zealously proves the merits of his own development at the HighLoad exhibition and other similar events. It is worth noting that the Phantom operating system, which is the brainchild of Russian production, has nothing revolutionary and innovative.

The developers are not lying, claiming that their products have nothing to do with a Windows / Unix clone. However, they do not mention that Phantom is almost an exact copy of the KeyKOS / EROS system. It should be noted that this topic was touched upon in the distant 80s of the last century. It was during this period that the general principles of KeyKOS were laid.

The article briefly introduced new Russian operating systems and systems and their possible future prospects in the modern software market.

On the Internet, patriots are trolled in the style: "Here you are reading this message on a Chinese computer with American programs, it is not Orthodox"... Now, if you had everything completely domestic ... Moreover, now “for this shop” you can easily win a large state contract: for the sake of such a business, many equipment manufacturers have already begun to produce it at contract factories among birches dear to our hearts.

Charlatans like the schoolboy who drew the screensaver and announced the creation of the BolgenOS operating system, we do not take into account, but the expense - but it turns out that Russia is full of serious developments.

Not very Russian ROSA Linux

Here, for example, ROSA Linux (read not as "rose", but as "dew", which in the morning on the grass). It can hardly be considered completely Russian, because these are actually further branches of the development of foreign assemblies of Mandriva and Red Hat. The home version is called Rosa Fresh; the last build was released in August 2016.

The advantage of this free assembly in comparison with the same Ubuntu is the ability to choose a graphical interface (KDE or Gnome), the presence of drivers "out of the box" for a large number of devices, including proprietary (say, NVIDIA video cards), and pre-installed software - such as Skype, Java, Flash, Steam, your own omnivorous media player, etc., as well as convenient tools for creating restore points.

ROSA 2012LTS operating system desktop.

Astra Linux

Astra Linux is another Russian Linux assembly (originally created on the basis of Debian), developed for security forces and special services. It is distinguished by the highest level of security and is certified to work with information containing state secrets. To heighten patriotism, all releases are named after the hero cities of Russia.

Now relevant "Eagle" - a version for everyday office, sorry, office tasks and "Smolensk" for working with information of the category "Top secret". "Novorossiysk", a mobile version of the operating system for smartphones and tablets with ARM processors, is preparing for release.

From a technical point of view, Astra differs from all other Linux systems by its own patented access control system, and also has a number of other data protection functions - for example, when a file is deleted, it is completely deleted and the space that it occupied is filled with random masking data sequences (in other operating systems, by default, only write to FAT is changed, and in order to prevent a remote file from being read by sector-by-sector reading of the drive, special utilities are used).

Operating system of general system purpose Astra Linux Common Edition.

Intelligence software

Zarya is another special-purpose Linux assembly (based on Red Hat), it is used exclusively in the Russian army and exists in the form of several assemblies - for workstations, for data centers, for specialized computerized complexes, etc.

There is also MSVS - "Mobile System of the Armed Forces" and GosLinux - OS for the Federal Bailiff Service (also based on Red Hat). There are statistics on the latter: it is installed on 660 servers and 16 thousand workstations, while the cost of a copy in terms of one computer was equal to 1,500 rubles. As it is installed on more PCs by the end of 2016 (then it will be installed on half of the FSSP computers), the average cost will drop to 800 rubles. In any case, it is several times cheaper than licenses for Windows and MS Office.

Elbrus

Elbrus is an operating system for computers with Russian processors of the same name. Since these processors, although compatible with x86, have their own unique architecture, we decided to develop a special OS - again, on the Linux kernel - that takes into account the peculiarities of the CPU and makes the most of their advantages.

VK Monocub-PC is a personal computer based on the Elbrus-2C + microprocessor with the Elbrus / MCST operating system.

Software from scratch

All of the above operating systems, unfortunately, are not entirely Russian developments, since these are various variations on the topic of foreign Linux. However, we also have our own OS called "Phantom", developed from scratch.

One of the key features of "Phantom" is persistence, which means that applications run without stopping and even "do not know" that the computer was turned off or restarted - work continues exactly from the same moment. This is somewhat similar to hibernation in other systems (where the contents of memory are written to disk as files and then loaded), but it is guaranteed to work without crashing drivers and programs, and everything happens automatically. Even if you suddenly turn off the computer, the data will not be lost and after turning it back on, everything will be the same as a few seconds before turning it off.

There is only one problem with "Phantom": for it you need to write (or port from Unix systems) application software, and then the chicken and egg problem arises: until there is at least some penetration of the OS, no one wants to write programs for it, but for now no programs - no penetration.

To make both OS and programs at the same time requires huge investments, which the small company Digital Zone, the author of "Phantom", does not have. Therefore, the system exists as an alpha version for 32-bit x86 processors and the prospects for its further development are very vague.

Actually, programs do not need to be able to write their state to a file, and in general, Phantom operates not with “files”, but with “objects”. According to the creators of the OS, it is much easier to write programs for it and 30% cheaper.

Disguise as Russian software

We should also remember about the noise that arose around Sailfish OS after our minister Nikolai Nikiforov met with the leaders of the Finnish Jolla. A year ago, Jolla was bought by Russian businessman Grigory Berezkin and even won the competition of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications for import substitution in the OS segment for mobile devices.

Since then, nothing has happened, and there is nothing Russian, except for the buyer, in Sailfish yet. Nevertheless, there is talk that a new mobile operating system will be developed in Innopolis in Russia, aimed at export.

Many media outlets came out with headlines that this is the creation of a domestic mobile operating system. But on the Internet a priori there are no boundaries, all products must be global. On the contrary, we would like Russian developers to participate in the creation of a product that will be export-oriented, and ideally become a platform for the BRICS countries.

Nikolay Nikiforov

minister of Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation

And here there is a certain logical trick: Nikiforov considers the open operating system Sailfish one of the possible candidates to become a platform for further import substitution in the IT field. However, nothing is said about the fact that Sailfish will be developed in Innopolis. Instead, it is said that the Open Mobile Platform company, which suddenly belongs to Berezkin, will only take the foreign Sailfish as a basis and modify it for ordinary Russian users. That is, this is not just another "Linux for the public sector", but an OS for the mass market.

Let's discard all these streamlined wording: it is clear that under the guise of a Russian mobile OS we will be shown exactly the redesigned Sailfish. She, in turn, is the Linux-like heir to the MeeGo and Maemo platforms, which were developed by Nokia and were "killed" by Stephen Elop, a sent Cossack from Microsoft, because they were competitors of Windows Phone. One device, Nokia N9, was released, however.

An error occurred during download.

Sailfish can run Android applications, so there will be no problems with the software, however, it is difficult for the user to explain why he should launch Android applications not on Android, but on a smartphone with a different operating system.

The main advantage of Sailfish is that it does not depend on Google and its services (this is why, for example, Samsung developed Bada and Tizen). The user is promised a little magic, like Apple, and the programmers - the ease of creating applications without the problems with fragmentation. According to rumors, Yotaphone 3 will be released on Sailfish.

What's the bottom line?

The bottom line is that we have this: all "live" Russian operating systems are actually redesigned Linux assemblies for specific tasks. They fulfill their tasks of saving the state budget and ensuring the safety of data. The degree of patriotism is being raised. Sysadmins and software developers are given jobs. That is, everything is fine.

Good afternoon friends. Most users are used to saying that when they say operating system, they mean Windows. I myself have written several books about this system. Windows is the most widely used system in the world.

Most programs are written specifically for it. I mean programs on a computer, not a tablet or phone. This is of course a great advantage! But, at the same time, there is a HUGE minus here! Most viruses are created specifically for the Windows system!

Also, many users are unhappy that Windows is a paid system. Unlike the same Linux. This is really an inconvenience. Moreover, as I heard, you have to pay for Windows 10 every year. Also, many users don't like the tracking features of the dozens.

Although, nowadays, if used correctly, it becomes clear that Windows 10 is quite a user-friendly system. But, for many computers, it is not suitable. First, it is not suitable for defense enterprises. And in general, the armed forces.

Just imagine - a cruise missile flies to beat the terrorists, and a completely different command comes from the Pentagon, to hit a completely different object. How can this be called? This can be called a disaster! The same can be said about the defense industry.

Windows can transfer all Russian or other countries' defense secrets to the USA. Even, he can not transfer, but it will transfer! What we need in this case is correct, we need a Russian operating system. Is there such a system? There is, and it is called Rosa (Rosa).

Russian operating system Rosa Desktop for PC

A few years ago I heard that a Russian operating system was being developed, especially for the military and the government. After all, Windows is also not suitable for the government. Too many secrets this system can pass on to Microsoft.

And such a system has already been created, moreover, not one. Now we will talk about the most common of the Russian systems Rosa Desktop, which is great for home use. The Rosa system comes in many varieties. For example: - Cobalt, Chrome, Nickel.

All of them are better protected than Desktop, because designed to protect the computers of the military, government and businesses. This system has better protection than Windows. They know less about her and her firewall works better.

Rosa Desktop differences and similarities with Windows

Rosa Desktop is based on Linux system, so its interface is very similar to this system. It is free, which allows it to increase the number of users significantly! If you have ever worked with Linux, you will understand this Russian operating system without much problem.

The system was developed in 2011, but a really great version came out in 2012. Just before sanctions and other nonsense. Otherwise, our industry and state. enterprises had a hard time (many secrets would go west)!

The system interface is somewhat similar to Windows, but it also has its own differences. The desktop is similar. There is a button like Start. The system has two built-in browsers, Mozilla and Chromium. There is an office suite similar to MS Office. The OS has its own player and various graphics editors.

What's nice is that after installation there is no need to install drivers. The system has a complete set. In addition, there is a utility "Personal firewall", a utility for setting up a video card (a program about which I wrote several articles), etc. The system disk is called "Home folder". Also, the Desktop interface is somewhat similar to the Android interface.

To install additional programs, it has a program installer. What I especially liked is that the system has a built-in system freeze. I told you about a similar program. So, in the Russian operating system, such a program is built in by default!

In other words, you can enable this function and install dubious software, walk on suspicious resources and after reinstalling the system, you will not get anything for it! Toolwiz Time Freeze is built into the C drive and takes up a whopping 5GB of memory.

This program in Rosa Desktop is systemic, therefore, it does not load the OS especially. Remember when I mentioned that the system is better protected than Windows? Among other things, the Desktop system in two clicks can fairly well distribute the Internet via WI-FI from your laptop.

Also, I heard that soon the Russian operating system will be installed in educational institutions. Not surprisingly, some institutes conduct closed research. Also, the authorities will strongly recommend that computer stores install the Rosa system on their computers.

Conclusion: Rosa Desktop is a great system. It is not very popular yet, but I think it will soon gain more and more space due to its ease of use and free of charge! We can say that import substitution in Russia continues.

Also, the governments of different countries began to install the Russian operating system, due to the greater security and the fear of transferring classified information to the Pentagon. But we'll see if this system will be in every Russian home. Good luck!

Video Russian operating system Rosa

Rosa Desktop download.

I think that any of the readers of this article no longer considers the words "Operating system" and "Windows" as synonyms, since knows at least one or more other systems. For many it will be Android, for a significant circle Windows Phone and iOS are known, slightly fewer people have heard about OS X, FreeBSD and Ubuntu. All of these operating systems are developed by Western (mainly American) organizations. At first glance, a Russian person has nowhere to cast his gaze ... but no. We also have our own masters.

We are already accustomed to the fact that information technologies for Russia are not a subject of creativity, but a subject of passive study. Yes, we know a world-class antivirus from Kaspersky, or at the moment the best text recognizer FineReader is also from a Russian company. Someone will remember Dr.Web. But in the general context, this is, if not a drop, then a small puddle in the sea that makes up our computer horizon. This illusion is erroneous because not all active members of the IT community are evaluated, but only those who actively promote themselves through advertising or sales managers. And who is outside our horizons? Yes, tens of thousands of domestic developers of different levels of professionalism and different areas of tasks to be solved.

It's no secret that the most important component of any computer (except for the hardware inside the case) is the operating system. But do we have here what to look after ourselves from the domestic? It turns out there is. Here is a short list of real projects that have been launched and have been working for several years:

I decided to consider the first (ROSU), because I guess it is the most user-friendly for ex-Windows users I've tried. More precisely: the editorial office "for the people" - Fresh (ie "Fresh" ROSA).

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The main problem for the user of the new operating system is mastering the new logic of working with the computer (after all, ROSA is not a Windows clone, but a completely different OS). For example, a person who decides to switch to OS X from Apple will have to resolutely reject Windows habits up to "hot keys". Here the Russian operating system has a minimum of problems: the bottom panel resembles the usual "Vendian" by the logic of its operation, and the menu structure (let's call it "START") will delight you with its simplicity and functionality.

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But this is only external "cosmetics". Inside there are all the tools necessary even for a fairly advanced user: built-in players of a huge number of formats, a full-fledged office suite (similar to MS Office), graphics, audio and video editors, an email client, two (!) Browsers for lovers from different camps (Firefox and Chromium) , a client capable of connecting to ICQ and QIP, utilities for writing bootable flash drives and disks. If necessary, we can re-install Skype, TeamViewer and other useful programs through a convenient and concise program installer (most programs are installed and updated through this single tool without the need to manually update).

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And even with all the massiveness of the pre-installed set of programs, ROSA manages to load and shut down faster than the products of the Redmond corporation. And the problem of viruses will only bother those who purposefully install them into the system. They cannot appear “suddenly” on the computer.

With all this, the system has many unique features for the Windows user. What is just the ability to distribute WiFi Internet from your laptop in two clicks or the ability, after turning on the "freeze mode", to scoff with experiments on the system, and then after reboot see the system in a "pre-frozen" state.

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In general, there are many advantages. You need to feel them to understand this. To do this, it is enough to boot into a full-fledged operating system directly from a CD or flash drive, without installing the system (unusual, right?). And if you like it, install the system and browse the Internet or write an interesting article during installation.

Another advantage of the Russian OS is an active and accessible Russian-speaking community.

Its main goal is to search for complexes of solutions for specific needs of consumers. The catalog is implemented according to the "Web 2.0" principle and will allow software customers to quickly and efficiently find the necessary products, to compose completely domestic integrated solutions from them, ready for implementation. More details.

2019

Natalya Kasperskaya asks the government for 39 billion rubles for state support of software developers

Entry into force of the updated rules for checking Russian software

On February 4, 2019 it became known about the entry into force of the order of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications No. 722 on the approval of the procedure and methodology for confirming the conformity of computer programs and databases, information about which is included in the register of Russian software, additional requirements approved by the government of the Russian Federation dated March 23, 2017 . No. 325. More details.

2016

Allocation of 5 billion rubles to finance software development

On January 1, 2016, the work of the Register of Domestic Software was approved, which should be used by government agencies and state corporations of Russia when choosing software that can replace foreign solutions.

2015

The rules for the formation of the register of domestic software were approved

Government Decree No. 1236 of November 16, 2015 approved the rules for the formation of the register of domestic software.

The Ministry of Finance refuses the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications to create an organization to finance software

The Duma commission admits that as of July 30, 2014, there is no single normative act, where all these definitions could be introduced, but it is quite obvious that they will be required if one tries to legally support domestic companies and create preferences for them in public procurement. Therefore, in the context of the policy of import substitution declared in the state, all this work seems to be very relevant.

July 23, 2014: Determination of the Ministry of Industry and Trade

On July 23, 2014, a meeting was held in the presidential administration to discuss the criteria for defining domestic software developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Several people who participated in the meeting or were close to Russian developers told about this to Vedomosti. Vedomosti has at its disposal a draft proposal of the ministry with the definition of "software of Russian origin", which almost completely coincides with the recommendations of several associations of Russian software companies - the Association of Software Developers, Russoft, the Russian Free Software Association and the Association of Manufacturers of Electronic Equipment and Devices ...

In early June 2014, the presidential administration recommended the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications to develop a definition of domestic software. The departments had time until July 10 to fulfill this order: firstly, to prepare definitions of domestic software and its manufacturer, and secondly, to develop amendments to the legislation, stimulating government bodies and state corporations to acquire, first of all, software of Russian origin.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade proposes to consider as domestic the software product, the rights to which belong to a Russian legal entity, at least 51% of the authorized capital of which belongs to Russian residents - individuals or companies, state companies and state corporations, unitary enterprises or subjects of the Federation. We are talking about the ultimate beneficiaries, and not about formal owners, follows from the proposals developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

State support for domestic software developers will help the development of the industry and will help strengthen the positions of Russian companies in the domestic and international markets, according to a document studied by Vedomosti. True, its authors warn, the imposition of domestic software on state buyers is fraught with a decrease in competition: a domestic developer will certainly be confident in state support, and he will not have the motivation to develop a software product. Participants of yesterday's meeting agreed that, when discussing import substitution, it is necessary to separate the economic aspect (support for the Russian IT industry) from the technological (IT security), said Kirill Varlamov, director of the Internet Initiatives Development Fund, who was present at the meeting.

According to the experts of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the main instrument for regulating the industry is the creation and maintenance of a register of domestic software. The department proposes to assign Russian status to software products in the same way as for telecommunications equipment (the status of Russian is assigned to equipment depending on what share of its cost is in Russia).

Several people close to the meeting participants know that the essence of the ministry's proposals is as follows. And on July 21, 2014, a meeting of the ad hoc committee under the Federation Council on software import substitution was held, and the representatives of the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, who were present there, agreed with the definition of Russian software as a product, the rights to which belong to a person at least 51% controlled by Russian residents, says a member upper chamber Ruslan Gattarov.

This position coincides with the proposals of the Russian associations of software developers, but differs from the proposal made on July 3, 2014 by members of the commission under the State Duma Committee on Science and Science-Intensive Technologies. They suggested that a Russian IT company, worthy of priority access to government orders, be considered an enterprise in which the share of foreign capital does not exceed 25% minus 1 share, in which more than 75% of revenue is generated in Russia, which is a Russian tax and legal resident, and the share foreigners among its employees do not exceed 25%. This idea belonged to the National Association for Innovation and Development of Information Technologies (NAIRIT), headed by Olga Uskova, president of the Russian developer Cognitive Technologies and a member of the committee at the Duma committee. Yesterday a representative of NAIRIT told Vedomosti that this association has already agreed on its position with other IT-associations. And the executive secretary of the commission under the Duma committee, Andrei Chernogorov, admitted that her previous position was tough - it will be softened, he knows.

The option linking the Russian origin of the software with Russia's contribution to the revenue of its developer did not leave any chances for becoming a “domestic manufacturer” of either Kaspersky Lab or, for example, Parallels (Parallels Software): both of them generate most of their income outside of Russia. The new criteria, supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, "have been agreed with market participants and are much more balanced and suitable for defining domestic software," says Sergei Zemkov, managing director of Kaspersky Lab in Russia, the countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia. The criterion for the ownership of intellectual property by a Russian legal entity makes sense, but it is important that the development is also in Russia, warns Nikolai Dobrovolsky, vice president for virtualization of personal computers at Parallels. Otherwise, a foreign company will be able to transfer the rights to a foreign product to a Russian legal entity affiliated with it that has nothing to do with its development, while it is also impossible to quickly transfer the development to the desired country, he argues.

An employee of the press service of the presidential administration limited himself to confirming the fact of yesterday's meeting. And the representative of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications said only that the department, fulfilling the instructions of the President, is carrying out "comprehensive work on the development of Russian software": in particular, on July 18, a meeting was held with representatives of the largest Russian IT companies, where "the expediency and practical benefits of introducing and defining criteria of domestic software ”and specific support measures.

July 15, 2014: Definition of "Domestic Software" from industry associations

On July 15, 2014, the specialized IT associations ARPP "Domestic Soft", Russoft, RASPO, APEAP agreed on a unified definition of domestic software. The main factor is the exclusive rights to software products belong to Russia. The rightholder can be a Russian legal entity controlled by Russian citizens or the state. The criteria are published on the website of the National Software Association of Software Developers.

The approval of the definition of domestic software is the first step in supporting Russian software products. It is also proposed to create a register of domestic software and establish a priority for the register's software products in public procurement. At the same time, in the absence of the necessary Russian solution, state customers should be able to purchase foreign analogues.

“We have been working on the formulation of criteria for a long time. Russian software developers, lawyers, and independent experts took part in this work. The rights to a software product determine its control over Russia, and also form a profit center in our country. Thus, this criterion is important both for ensuring technological independence and for the country's economic development, ”says Evgeniya Vasilenko, executive director of the ARPP Otechestvenny Soft Association.

According to her, it is now very important to create favorable conditions in the country for the development of Russian software. First of all, this is due to the stimulation of demand for national products, which is a widespread global practice.

“The adoption of the definition of domestic software was a response to the sanctions against Russia, which unexpectedly sharply increased the risks of using foreign software. Related measures to support domestic producers are limited to the purposes of software procurement by government agencies and enterprises with government participation, and do not apply to the open market. We continue to believe that the main measures of state support for Russian manufacturers should be investments in education and R&D, reduction of administrative barriers, and support for exports, ”commented Valentin Makarov, President of NP RUSSOFT.

In a comment to TAdviser, Alexander Pozdnyakov, CEO of First Line Software, also notes the importance of creating comfortable conditions for software developers for the opportunity to grow domestic software.

"The state is already moving towards creating a more convenient environment for software companies. There is a reduced rate of social taxes. This is very correct. As for import substitution and issues of popularizing Russian solutions, if good software is created in the country, it will be bought without special promotional efforts from sides of the state, "he said.

“The initiative of the State Duma in terms of legislative support for import substitution is extremely timely. We have tried to give the most complete definition of the criteria for Russian software. Note that this definition allows Russian developers to use free and open source software in their software products, while the final solution will be, according to the criteria, Russian, ”says Alexander Zhmurko, President of NP RASPO.

The criteria for determining domestic software and domestic software manufacturer are described in a letter from NP RUSSOFT to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The letter also states that RUSSOFT supports government measures to ensure information security and technological independence. In addition to the policy of import substitution, it is proposed to invest in research and development in the field of software engineering, develop specialized education and a system of retraining for IT personnel, and create a program to support high-tech exports.

The establishment of the Commission for the regulatory and legal support of the specified tasks, including the legislative consolidation of the concept of "domestic software", is indicated as necessary measures. And so on. At the same time, it is proposed to limit the range of software solutions for which the use of import substitution is mandatory, to the types of solutions that are critical for information security, technological independence and the country's global competitiveness, such as: operating systems (OS), database management systems (DBMS) and data warehouse management , CAD, EDMS, information security systems, cryptography and "