We open ports on routers from Rostelecom

The Internet provider Rostelecom leases routers to users for organizing home local networks. Subscribers install programs on their devices that require constant messaging on the Internet.

To do this, certain ports must be open on the computers of individual users to receive requests and send responses to them. The answer to the question of how to open ports on routers from Rostelecom is of interest to fans of online games with a large number of participants and users who download content in the form of torrents.

The concept of a port is a kind of identifier that defines a process or application that is used to work on a computer on a local network. Thus, a port is not a physical concept. By default, all ports on a computer that has access to the Rostelecom Internet are closed. Some programs - Skype, uTorrent, using UPnP technology - themselves open those that are necessary for work.
For most of the network programs used, the port must be opened manually by the Rostelecom subscriber.

To open ports on routers, you must first go to the interface they use. To do this, enter the digital combination 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 into the address bar of the browser opened on the computer. It depends on the model of the router rented from Rostelecom.
On the initial authorization page that opens after pressing the Enter key, enter the word admin in both fields and execute the “Login” command. The start page of the interface of the used router from Rostelecom should open.

If this does not happen, you need to check the settings of the computer's network card. Its connector must be connected with a patch cord to one of the router's LAN ports. At the same time, a cable from the Rostelecom provider is connected to the WAN (“Internet”) port.
To access the settings, simultaneously press the WIN + R keys on the keyboard. Enter the ncpa.cpl combination in the Run form that opens and press the OK button.

On the page that opens, we find the desired Rostelecom connection and right-click on it. Select "Properties" from the menu list. After selecting protocol version 4 of TCP / IP, we check in its properties the marks for automatically obtaining IP addresses and DNS servers. If they are not available, mark the required items with “checkmarks” and click the OK stencil.

Opening ports

Work should begin after verifying that the hardware is using the latest software firmware. The routers provided by Rostelecom for rent have different interfaces. There are several ways to perform port forwarding on a router. In order to forward ports on Rostelecom routers (open them or redirect them), you need to know the address of the PC on the local network. To do this, right-click on the icon of the desired connection and select the "Status" item in the context menu. In the connection information, we find out the IPv4 address assigned by the router to the computer. Here you can also see its MAC-address, which may come in handy in the future.

The port can be used by TCP and UDP protocols. The first of them guarantees the transfer of data with verification by its own means. The second transfers without a guarantee, but the exchange rate is much higher due to the lower load on the processor. Its use justifies itself in online games with a large number of participants. In addition to this check, the operating system (OS) of the computer has its own means of protecting against viruses. The Rostelecom router has a firewall in its software that protects local network subscribers from the penetration of malicious products from the Internet.

Thus, it is necessary to create a message admission rule for the desired program. Its code is transmitted as the IP address of the device on the local network with the addition of the port number (it is added in the transmitted packet after the colon sign ":"). In order for redirection to occur, the PC must be on the same network as the router from Rostelecom, which assigns this address to it.

In the settings of the router from Rostelecom, in the WAN item of the "Network" section, we check the checkboxes in the cells with the designation NAT, IGMP, "Firewall".
We turn on the UPnP function, which is responsible for automatically opening ports.
We save the settings. Many routers from Rostelecom have a DMZ (demilitarized zone) item in their advanced settings menu. When used, all ports are opened for the local IP address of the device specified in the line. But keep in mind that the simultaneous inclusion of DMZ and UPnP can lead to conflict situations.

If there is no DMZ function in the Rostelecom router menu, you can use the Virtual Servers item located in the Forwarding section.
On the page, click the "Add new" button. In the form that opens, specify the internal and external ports that are used by the program for work (or port ranges). The next field is for the IP address of the computer on the local network. How to recognize it was described above. In the line "Protocol" (Protocol) we write TCP / UDP, "Status" (Status) leave "Enable" (Enable) and save the entered data.

Binding devices by MAC address

Such a binding allows you to assign a permanent IP address in the local network to the subscriber according to the MAC address (physical address) of his network card. This is necessary so that the router's DHCP does not assign a new random IP to a device on the network each time it is turned on. Thus, the user does not have to repeat all the procedures associated with prescribing a new local address. It is stored permanently for each device on the network.

In the DHCP interface section, select the “Address Reservation” item and click the “Add” button in it.
On the new page, copy into the fields the values ​​​​of the reserved address of the required device and its MAC address, determined during preliminary work, from the “Status” tab of the PC. We check the "Status" cell, which should be marked "Enabled".
Save the copied data and reboot the router.

User speed control

This function is necessary to evenly distribute the traffic of the Rostelecom Internet channel between simultaneously working users. To accomplish the task, in the "Bandwidth Control" tab in the "Control Settings" item, check the box for enabling bandwidth control.
For the Rostelecom FTTx line, check the "Other" box, leave the default band values ​​and press the "Save" button.

On the next page of the list of rules, click on the "Add" button. In the form that opens, enter the local IP address and the maximum input and output speeds for the selected device. These rates, expressed in kbps, determine the bandwidth.
We execute the "Save" command.

Services for checking open ports

Existing services allow you to determine the presence of open potentially dangerous ports. They do not activate them, but only scan the current state. It should be noted that a set of tools is responsible for the security of a computer on a network. Any router has a built-in firewall. Its task is to be a barrier to the penetration of threats from the network on the front line.
The same task at the next stage is performed by the firewall or firewall included in the OS.
And, finally, a third-party antivirus installed on the computer completes the task.

Conclusion

When using the methods above, the "user" is able to independently open the required port on the router from Rostelecom. A call to the provider's technical support service will help him deal online with the issue that arose during setup.