Voltage stabilizer: for which it is needed. Useful information about stabilizers What does the voltage stabilizer look like

Tariffs

Many people came across sharp voltage jumps, as a result of which all household appliances in the house fail. Is it possible to somehow prevent them from and protecting expensive devices from breakage? In this article we will analyze, what are they and how they work.

Modern power grid, unfortunately, do not provide a constant voltage in the outlet. Depending on the place of residence, the number of subscribers and the power of devices on the same line, the voltage can vary greatly in the range from 180 to 240 volts.

Modern stabilizer looks like

But most of the current electronics are extremely negative about such experiments, since the limit for it is jumping to + -10 volts. For example, a TV or a computer can simply turn off if the voltage falls to 210, which happens quite often, especially in the evening.

It is not necessary to count on the fact that in the coming years, the power grid will be upgraded. Therefore, citizens need to independently take care of the "alignment" of the voltage and protection of the power grid. Everything that needs to be - acquire a stabilizer.

What it is

The stabilizer is called a device that aligns the voltage in the network, feeding the necessary 220 volts to the device. Most modern inexpensive stabilizers operate in the + -10% range of the desired indicator, that is, "equalizing" jumps in the range from 200 to 240 volts. If you have more serious sections, you need to select the device for more expensive - some models are able to "pull" the line from 180 volts.

Modern voltage stabilizers these are small devices that work completely silently, and do not buzz, as their "ancestors" from the USSR. They can work on the network 220 and 380 volts (you need to select when buying).

In addition to the voltage drop, high-quality stabilizers are "cleaned" line from garbage pulses, interference and overloads. We recommend that you be sure to use such devices in everyday life, establishing them at the entrance to the apartment or at least for each important household appliance (boiler, work computer, etc.). But it is better not to risk an expensive technique, but to acquire a normal leveling device.

Now that you knowthink how much money he can save you. At the same time, a large number of equipment operates in the apartment - a washing machine, a computer, a TV, a dishwasher, a phone is charged, etc. If a jump occurs, then all this may fail, and the damage will be applied to dozens, or even hundreds of thousands of rubles. Prove in court that the cause of the vehicle breakdown was a voltage jump, almost impossible, Therefore, you will have to pay for the repair and get a new one for your money.

Principle of operation of the stabilizer

Types of stabilizers

At the moment there are three types of stabilizers different from each other according to the principle of alignment:

Digital.
Relay.
Servo drives.

The most practical, convenient and reliable are digital or electronic devices. They work due to the presence of thyristor keys. The main advantage of such systems is the minimum response time, absolute silentness, small size. Of the minuses - the price, they are usually 30-50% more expensive than other devices.

Relay systems belong to the average price segment. They work due to switching power relays, including and turning off the corresponding windings on the transformer.Relay voltage stabilizers for home are considered optimal. The main advantages of the device are available prices, fast response speed. Minus - a short service life. The usual relay is withstanding about 40-50 thousand switches, after which the contacts wear out and begin to shindle. If you have a rather stable network, the relay system will work for several years. But if failures happen several times a day, it may fail for one and a half or two years.

Servo-type devices have low cost and operate due to changes in the number of turns involved by the transformer. Their switching occurs due to the movement of the servo, switching contact, as on the retake. The main plus of these systems is an affordable price. Minus - low reliability and long response time.

How to choose correctly

Now you know,for home. Consider how to choose the device.

First of all, you need to determine how many devices will work at the same time. For example, if you are in the kitchen, then you turn on the electric kettle, microwave and dishwasher. In the hall is a TV and a computer, in the bathroom washing. At the same time, the apartment does not turn off the fridge and the individual heating boiler - these devices also consume 200-300 watts.

You can learn the power of devices by passport. But be sure to consider that manufacturers indicate active power, and not real.

Stabilizer mounting method after meter

Attention:for the correct counting, you need to know the full installation power, and not its operating mode. The refrigerator during operation consumes 100 watts per hour, but at start the engine requires 300-500 watts of reactive energy. Therefore, always take the device with a margin.

For example, the consumption of your apartment is 2000 watt. This is a very real figure for classic "doubles" with modern technique, and not equipped with powerful consumers such as boiler, electroups and a hob. To take into account the full power, you need to add 20%. You should also understand that if the network is asked for 20 volts, the transformer loses 20% of its power. As a result, the total stock will reach 30-40%, and you will need to acquire a stabilizer with a power of 2000 * 0.4 + 2000 \u003d 2800-watt device.

This is all the necessary information aboutvoltage stabilizer: what it is and how he works you now know. It remains to figure out how to connect it correctly. It is recommended to install it immediately at the meter, to the electrical panel, although it is possible to cling and separately on the desired lines. The device must be grounded so that in case of problems it led the current and protects your technique. To connect it is better to invite an experienced electrician.

Stabilizers are devices for automatically maintaining the constancy of the electrical voltage value at the inputs of electrical energy receivers (voltage stabilizer) or current in their circuits (current stabilizer), regardless of the voltage fluctuations in the supply network and the load value. The stabilizer provides a stabilized voltage load only if the power voltage is at certain limits. If the network voltage goes beyond these limits (significant voltage exceeds, as well as its short-term deep failures or a complete absence), the stabilizer will turn off the feed electrical appliances and they will be delayed.

Stabilizers are single and three-phase with capacities from 100 VA to 250 kVA and higher.

Types of stabilizers Stabilizers are the following types:

Ferroresonance. It was developed in the mid-60 years of the last century, the effects of them are based on the use of the phenomenon of magnetic saturation of ferromagnetic cores of transformers or chokes. Such devices were used to stabilize the supply voltage of household appliances (TV, radio reception, refrigerator, etc.).

The advantages of ferroresonance stabilizers: high accuracy of maintaining the output voltage (1-3%), high (for that time) speed of regulation. Disadvantages: Increased noise and dependence of the quality of stabilization from the load value.

Modern ferroresonance stabilizers are deprived of these flaws, but their value is equal to or higher than the cost of the UPS (uninterruptible power supply) to the same power. As a result, ferroresonance stabilizers are widespread as domestic not received.

Electromechanical. In the 60-80s of the last century, autotransformers with manual output voltage regulation were used to regulate the voltage, as a result of which it had to constantly monitor the device showing the output voltage (the arrow or luminous line) and, if necessary, manually set the nominal. Currently, the output voltage correction is automatically carried out using an electric motor with a gearbox.

The advantage of such electromechanical stabilizers is the high accuracy of maintaining the output voltage (2-3%). Disadvantages - an increased noise level (engine noise, and almost constantly, because the voltage change on (2-4 V) is monitored and the low speed of control rate due to the inertia of the engine. With a sharp increase in the voltage, it may turn off the load briefly, because The output voltage may exceed the maximum allowable value. At the same time, in most cases, such high accuracy is not required, 5-7% is sufficient, as indicated in the passports on the most widely prompted household electrical appliances of general purpose.

Distributed as cheap household stabilizers.

Electronic (step regulation). The most wide class of stabilizers providing maintaining the output voltage with a certain accuracy in the wide range of input voltage. The principle of stabilization is based on the automatic switching of sections of the transformer using power keys (relays, thyristors, simistors). Due to a number of advantages, electronic voltage stabilizers found the greatest distribution in the market of stabilizers.

Advantages: speed, wide input voltage range, no distortion of input voltage form, high efficiency. The disadvantage is a stepped change in the output voltage, which limits the accuracy of stabilization in the range of 0.9% -7%.

These stabilizers are the optimal price / quality ratio when applying in industry and everyday life. Some models allow the ability to correct the output voltage in the range of 210-230 V.

Climatic performance The climatic design of the majority of the proposed IP20 stabilizers, they are designed to install in rooms with ambient temperature + 5 ... + 35 ° C, with relative humidity of 35-90%, with an atmosphere that does not contain dust, water splashes, etc. If the temperature in the installation of stabilizers, the temperature will fall below 0 ° C, it is possible to execute in heated housings. Main parameters and functions Input voltage range. Along with the accuracy of stabilization, it is the most important characteristic. This range consists of two categories:

working - when the input voltage is within which the output provides the declared stabilization value, for example, 220 ± 5%;
the limit - when the stabilizer retains performance, but the outlet voltage differs from the stated value in a large or smaller side to 15-18%). When the input voltage comes beyond the limit, the stabilizer turns off the electrical appliances, remains itself connected to the network to control the possibility of connecting the electrical appliances again to work when returning the power supply to the working (limit) voltage range.

Accuracy of output voltage stabilization It depends on the magnitude of the input voltage, if it is in the operating range, the accuracy of stabilization is 0.9-5%, depending on the model of the stabilizer.

Overloading - the ability to withstand short-term overload from electrical appliances having high starting currents (for example, an electric motor of the submersible pump, refrigerator, etc.).

Overload and Short Circuit Protection. In the case of overloading the stabilizer, when the power is started with a 5-50% power to be removed 5-50% higher than a long period of time (from 0.15 seconds. Up to 1 minutes. Or a little more), the protection system is triggered (the protection time depends on the overload value), Which will turn off the stabilizer and thereby prevents its failure. In the presence in the stabilizer, the functions of a single re-inclusion in 10 seconds. After turning off the overload, it will turn on again. If there is no overload when re-turning the stabilizer, the stabilizer continues to operate. In the case of a short circuit in the circuit connected to the stabilizer of electrical appliances, the stabilizer will turn off. After that, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause of the short circuit and only then turn on the stabilizer.

Output voltage control system. In the case of the output of the stabilizer or instantaneous increase in the input voltage, such a system shuts off the electrical appliances from the stabilizer and will prevent their failure.

Adjusting the output voltage. The presence in some models of stabilizers the ability to regulate the output voltage in the range of 210-230V, which helps to solve several problems at the same time:

it is possible to establish at the output of the stabilizer Western voltage standards 230V for imported electrical appliances. Without such a function, the stabilizer will constantly exit the lower voltage range specified for the electrical appliances data, which may cause failures in their operation;
for incandescent bulbs, you can set the voltage of about 210V, which will significantly increase their service life, the light stream will remain within the limits stated by the manufacturer.

Automatic activation of the stabilizer when returning the input voltage to the set range. Because The stabilizer turns off the load in the case of the input voltage output for the set limits, it must automatically turn on and connect if the input voltage returned to the set range, otherwise it is necessary to monitor the network voltage, turn on the stabilizer manually.

The presence at the inlet and output of the filter stabilizer of pulse interference. This is a useful feature that protects the electrical appliances from the interference in the radio frequency range.

Stable tension technique will not hurt

Every year, during the winter and summer, our power grid starts working with interruptions, even if it is not felt. In winter - during the actual use of electrical appliances and means for additional heating. In the summer - in the period of rains and thunderstorms. At such periods regularly occur voltage jumps. Despite the fact that the voltage in our sockets should be 220 volts, and the frequency is 50 Hz, the real situation does not always correspond to the norm. From stable voltage directly depends on how long your electrical appliances will serve you. That is why stabilizers voltage possess great popularity. They are electron-mechanical devices that transform electrical energy, due to which it matches all standards at the output. However, it is not enough to just go and buy a stabilizer, you must first determine the choice of a suitable device. In this article we will tell about what parameters to pay attention to.

Is your voltage stable?

Determine whether the stress stress is very easy. It is enough to notice how often the lamp flashes in the lamp. If the flashing is almost impossible to notice, then everything is in order. If it is present, then it's time to think about the stabilizer. You can also check the voltage in the outlet yourself with the help of a multimetra. When they are too sharp voltage jump 70-80% of the technique may fail. Despite the fact that in many modern devices there are built-in fuses, they do not cope with such a load.

Photo: www.stabilizator-iek.ru.

Main selection criteria

Voltage value

At first, you must decide for what amount of devices will work the voltage stabilizer. It will be, for example, one gas heating boiler or a whole country house. It is important to find out which voltage values \u200b\u200bof your network, its nominal and maximum.

Single-phase (220 V) stabilizer is most popular - it is usually used in urban apartments. There are still three-phase (380 c) devices - they are used in production shops and are designed for greater load. But if the stabilizer is planned to be installed in a country house, the network may be single-phase, and three-phase. It is possible to determine this in several ways.

If he lived in a wire going to the apartment two or three; If one flashing LED is on the electric meter; If the automatic switch in the electrical wheel is single or twin-lumber - you use a single-phase network.
If there lived in the wire minimum four; If flashing LEDs on a meter of integer three; If the automatic switch in the three-or-four panel is available, a two-phase network is available.

Types of voltage stabilizers

There are several varieties of stabilizers. It is from the type that the complexity of the device and its ultimate cost depends.

Relay stabilizer. To date, the most popular view of the territory of the Russian Federation, contrary to its small price. It can be attributed to the class of automatic transformer stabilizers. Thanks to the electromechanical power relay, by step control, it switches the autotransformer winding. An increase or decrease in the voltage at the output in such an appliance occurs synchronously with the inlet voltage. One of the main merits of such a device is the high pace of stabilization of the voltage (about 20 ms).
Stage voltage stabilizer Almost similar to relay. In it, the transformer transformer occurs with thyristors and simistors. That is why there is a large warranty from manufacturers on the devices of this type - up to 10 years. This also contributes to the absence of mechanical business and, accordingly, wear.
Electromechanical stabilizer It is a voltodustable transformer. Adjustment occurs with a rotary brush contact. The parameters of the brush node determine the technical characteristics of the device - such as the processing speed, failures and splashes in the voltage. Single-phase electromechanical stabilizers for the house are usually the unused node, with a power of three thousand volt-amps. Stabilizers of two brushes due to high cost are not very popular. Periodically, the brushes will have to be changed, and at the same time clean the transformer itself, but at home this is not very difficult. With a relatively small cost, electromechanical devices show high stabilization accuracy and smooth voltage adjustment. Application is acceptable in those conditions when the voltage varies periodically and unilaterally. Ideal for connecting to personal computers, household, office equipment. Such stabilizers cannot be connected to welding machines, since their design does not allow to react to extremely fast jumps in the power grid. Ratio of price and quality is the best.
More reliable are considered electrodynamic stabilizers - One of the varieties of electromechanical. Instead of brushes, rollers are embedded in them, due to which their wear is almost excluded. However, the price has increased with reliability.
Relatively recently introduced another type of stabilizers - hybrid Or, as it is also called combined. The difference is that the relay part is added in addition to the electromechanic. She starts his work when the voltage in the network drops or rises to abnormal values. For example, if the voltage in the network "floats" in the range from 144 to 256 V, then the hybrid stabilizer works similarly to the electromechanical. But it is worth the voltage to exit these values \u200b\u200bwithin 105-280 V, as a hybrid device returns it to a normal state with an error of ± 10%.
Double transformation stabilizers - quite expensive devices, but they have a number of very attractive features. Such stabilizers must be used in conjunction with highly sensitive devices, the power of which ranges from 1 to 30 kW. Have a rapid connection, while working is almost no noisy. Have a wide range of voltage and minimal error. The operation of such a device depends on the existing load on electrical equipment. The lower voltage range grows from 118 V to 160 V, when the load on electrical equipment rise by 50% or 70%, respectively.
The new line in the list of stabilizers is devices with pulse modulation. The principle of their work is to regulate the voltage by the above-mentioned modulation. That is, the analog filters located at the input and network output in the device stably align all interference on the network. Very fast, adjustment accuracy is not lower than 99%. Such a stabilizer helps with strong electricity surges, for example, when welding. As a rule, such devices have a small size and minimal mass. It is explained by the fact that heavy and large transformers are missing in them. But the price of them is not small. Without flaws, the upper threshold at the input of the stabilizer does not exceed 245 V.
Electromagnetic voltage stabilizer - This is the one, the voltage adjustment at the output of which is due to the control of magnetic streams. Appruitment occurs due to the semiconductor regulator. This species has many drawbacks - such as the hum when working, a narrow voltage range at the input, high sensitivity when switching to the frequency of the network in 50 Hz.

Photo: electro.lg.ua.

What you need to know

Almost the first thing you need to decide on the type of connection of the stabilizer. You can connect it directly to the network by the electrical panel, in order to secure all the equipment. Or perhaps a stationary connection home appliance directly to the stabilizer - the device is simply connected to the outlet.

If you have a three-phase network, but all the devices are single-phase, then you need to take three single-phase converters. But if there is at least one three-phase device in such a network, the converter should only be three-phase. This rule is relevant to stabilize all electrical appliances in the house, and not individually for one.

Choosing a stabilizer, you must represent what the total power of your devices will be connected to it, from this parameter and the power of your device will be out. Add 20-30% to the output value so that there is no freelance overload.

To make it easier for you to determine what the total power of your devices, you can use our table with exemplary values.

To clarify the power, you need to refer to the instructions of your equipment.

Most popular manufacturers

Today there are more than a dozen Russian and foreign companies that have successfully producing voltage stabilizers. Products of each of them differ in design, performance, type of nutrition and method of stabilization. Each company has similar products. But only during their use in business, we learn about the pros, so, unfortunately, about the minuses. Some companies have already lost confidence quota, but the rest, due to quality products, try to keep the brand.

These are the manufacturers are popular in our country in consumers:

Russian brands - Polygon, Norm M., Stubvolt, Cascade;

Chinese brands: Solby Fnex., Sassin., Voltron., Vejo;

Western brands: Ortea., Orion..

Foreign brands, although better, but inferior in demand by Chinese and Russian products. The reason for dislike Russian consumers lies in prices. If the domestic product is quite good and significantly cheaper, then why overpay?

Photo: www.elvs.su.

Common bugs of buyers

If in your home the voltage is good, it makes no sense to buy a stabilizer for the whole house. It is enough to buy a small machine, connecting only very sensitive devices to it.
In order not to make a mistake when buying a voltage stabilizer, you need to know all the criteria for selecting the device. Going to this issue responsibly, you will not regret the choice.
Compelate with a specialist or wizard in electrical equipment. Installation of voltage stabilizers of certain types requires professional control.

Voltage regulator

Voltage regulator - Electrical energy converter, which allows to obtain a voltage at the output, located at a given limits with significantly large fluctuations in the input voltage and load resistance.

By type of output voltage, stabilizers are divided into direct current stabilizers and AC. As a rule, the type of power (permanent or alternating current) is the same as the output voltage, although exceptions are possible.

Stabilizers of DC

Linear stabilizer chip KR1170EN8

Linear stabilizer

The linear stabilizer is a voltage divider, the input (unstable) voltage is supplied to the input (unstable) voltage, and the output (stabilized) voltage is removed from the lower shoulder of the divider. Stabilization is carried out by changing the resistance of one of the shoulders of the divider: the resistance is constantly maintained so that the voltage at the output of the stabilizer is in the limits set. With a large ratio of the magnitudes of the input / output voltage, the linear stabilizer has a low efficiency, since most of the power P ratio \u003d (U in - U Out) * i T is dissipated as heat on the regulating element. Therefore, the regulating element should be able to dispel sufficient power, i.e., must be installed on the radiator of the desired area. The advantage of a linear stabilizer is simplicity, no interference and a small amount of parts used.

Depending on the location of the element with a variable resistance, linear stabilizers are divided into two types:

Consistent: The control element is turned on sequentially with the load.
Parallel: The control element is included in parallel load.

Depending on the method of stabilization:

Parametric: In such a stabilizer, a plot of an instrument is used, having a large steepness.
Compensatory: has feedback. It is voltage at the output of the stabilizer is compared with the reference, from the difference between them a control signal for an adjusting element is generated.

Parallel parametric stabilizer on Stabilion

It is used to stabilize the voltage in low-current schemes, since for the normal operation of the current circuit through the stabilitron D1 must be several times (3-10) to exceed the current in the stabilized load R l. Often this scheme of a linear stabilizer is used as a source of reference voltage in more complex schemes of stabilizers. To reduce the instability of the output voltage caused by changes in the input voltage, instead of the resistor R V applies. However, this measure does not reduce the output voltage instability caused by a change in load resistance.

Serial stabilizer on bipolar transistor

U Out \u003d U Z - U BE.

In fact, it considered above the parallel parametric stabilizer on Stabilion, connected to the input of the emitter repeater. It does not have feedback chains that compensate for the output voltage changes.

Its output voltage is less than the stabilization stabilization voltage by the value of U BE, which practically does not differ on the value of the current flowing through the P-N transition, and for silicon-based devices is approximately 0.6V. The dependence U BE on the value of the current and temperature worsens the stability of the output voltage, compared with the parallel parametric stabilizer on the stabilion.

The emitter repeater (current amplifier) \u200b\u200bmakes it possible to increase the maximum output current of the stabilizer, compared with the parallel parametric stabilizer on the stabilion, in β times (where β is the gain of this transistor instance). If this is not enough, the composite transistor is used.

In the absence of load resistance (or with a microampear load current currents), the output voltage of such a stabilizer (idle voltage) increases by 0.6V due to the fact that U BE in the microton area becomes close to zero. To overcome this feature, a ballast load resistor is connected to the output of the stabilizer, which provides a load current in several mA.

Sequential compensation stabilizer using the operational amplifier

A portion of the output voltage U Out, removed from the potentiometer R2, is compared with the reference voltage U Z on the stabilion D1. The voltage difference is enhanced by the operating amplifier U1 and is supplied to the database of the regulating transistor included according to the emitter repeater scheme. For stable operation, the loop shift circuit of the phase should be close to 180 ° + N * 360 °. Since a portion of the output voltage U OUT is supplied to the inverting input of the operating amplifier U1, the operating amplifier U1 shifts the phase 180 °, the regulating transistor is turned on according to the emitter repeater scheme, which does not shift the phase. The phase looping shift is 180 °, the phase resistance condition is respected.

The reference voltage Uz is almost independent of the value of the current flowing through the stabilion, and is equal to the stabilization stabilization stabilization. To increase its stability with the changes of the UIN, instead of the resistor R V applies.

In this stabilizer, the operations amplifier is actually incorporated according to the non-screw amplifier diagram (with an emitter repeater, to increase the output current). The ratio of resistors in the feedback circuit sets its gain that determines how many times the output voltage will be above the input (i.e., the reference filed to the unconvertising OU). Since the reinforcement coefficient of the non-screw amplifier is always greater than the unit, the magnitude of the reference voltage (stabilization voltage) must be selected less than the required minimum output voltage.

The instability of the output voltage of such a stabilizer is almost completely determined by the instability of the reference voltage, due to the large coefficient of loop strengthening of modern OU ( G. OpenLoop \u003d 10 5 ÷ 10 6).

To eliminate the effect of instability of input voltage on the mode of operation of the OS itself, it can be powered by stabilized voltage (from additional parametric stabilizers on Stabilion).

Pulse stabilizer

In a pulsed stabilizer, the current from an unstabilized external source is supplied to the drive (usually capacitor or choke) short pulses; At the same time, the energy is stored, which is then released into the load in the form of electrical energy, but, in the case of a throttle, already with another voltage. Stabilization is carried out by control of the duration of pulses and pauses between them - pulse modulation - latitude and pulse modulation. The pulse stabilizer, compared with linear, has a much higher efficiency. The disadvantage of the pulse stabilizer is the presence of impulse interference in the output voltage.

In contrast to the linear stabilizer, the pulse stabilizer may convert the input voltage arbitrarily (depends on the stabilizer scheme):

Lowing below
Enhance Stabilizer: The output stabilized voltage is always above Input and has the same polarity.
Rapid-down Stabilizer: output voltage stabilized, can be like above, so I. below Input and has the same polarity. Such a stabilizer is applied in cases where the input voltage is slightly different from the required and can change, taking the value both above and below the necessary one.
Inverting Stabilizer: The output stabilized voltage has a reverse polarity relative to the input, the absolute value of the output voltage can be any.

Stabilizers of alternating voltage

Ferroresonance stabilizers

During the time of the USSR, household ferroresonance voltage stabilizers were widely distributed. Usually, televisions were connected through them. In the first-generation TVs, network power supplies were used with linear voltage stabilizers (and in some chains were also fed by unstabilized voltage), which did not always cope with network voltage fluctuations, especially in rural areas, which required pre-stabilization of voltage. With the advent of televisions of the 4pitzt and USSC, which had pulsed power supplies, the need for additional stabilization of the network voltage was disappeared.

The ferroresonance stabilizer consists of two chokes: with an unsaturated core (having a magnetic gap) and a saturated, as well as a condenser. The feature of a saturated throttle is that the voltage on it changes little when the current changes through it. The selection of the parameters of throtters and capacitors can be ensured by stabilization of the voltage when the input voltage changes in fairly wide limits, but a slight deviation of the frequency of the supply network has greatly influenced the characteristics of the stabilizer.

Modern stabilizers

Currently, the main types of stabilizers are:

electrodynamic servo drive (mechanical)
static (electronic switchable)
relay
compensation (electronic smooth)

Models are made both in single-phase (220/230 c) and three-phase (380/400 c) execution, the power of them from several hundred watts to several megawatts. Three-phase models are produced by two modifications: with independent adjustment for each phase or with an adjustment by mid-phase voltage at the stabilizer input.

The produced models are also different from the permissible range of changes in the input voltage, which may be, for example, in such: ± 15%, ± 20%, ± 25%, ± 30%, -25% / + 15%, -35% / + 15% or -45% / + 15%. The wider range (especially in the negative side), the greater the size of the stabilizer and its value above at the same output power.

An important characteristic of the voltage stabilizer is its speed, that is, the higher the speed, the faster the stabilizer responds to changes in the input voltage. Speed \u200b\u200bis a period of time (millisecond) for which the stabilizer is capable of changing the voltage per volt. In a different type of stabilizers, a different speed of speed, for example, in electrodynamic speed 12 ... 18 ms / c, static stabilizers will provide 2 ms / B, but in electronic, compensatory type, this parameter is 0.75 ms / c.

Another important parameter is the accuracy of the stabilization of the output voltage. According to GOST 13109-97, the maximum allowable deviation of the supply voltage is ± 10% of the nominal. The accuracy of modern voltage stabilizers ranges from 1% to 8%. Accuracy of 8% is enough to ensure good work of the absolute majority of household and industrial electrical engineering. The more stringent requirements (1%) are usually presented to power the complex equipment (medical, high-tech and similar). An important consumer parameter is the ability of the stabilizer to work on the claimed power in the entire input voltage range, but not all stabilizers correspond to this parameter. Some stabilizers withstand tenfold overloads, when buying such a stabilizer, no capacity is required.

Literature

Veresov G.P. Power supply of household radio electronic equipment. - M.: Radio and Communication, 1983. - 128 p.
V.V. Kitaev and others Power supply communication devices. - M.: Communication, 1975. - 328 p. - 24,000 copies.
Kostikov V.G. Parfenov E.M. Shakhov V.A. Electronic power supply sources. Schemery and design: Textbook for universities. - 2. - m.: Hotline - Telecom, 2001. - 344 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-93517-052-3.
Shtilman V. I. Microelectronic voltage stabilizers. - Kiev: Tekhnik, 1976.