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Answers on questions

Works analysis schemes

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ALGORITHM

1. Find similarities between two texts at the level:

· plot or motive;

· figurative system;

· Vocabulary;

· visual means;

· syntactic constructions;

· other parameters suggested by the texts themselves.

2. Find differences at the same levels.

3. Explain the differences identified

and) in the works of the same author:

· the difference in the time of writing, which determined the change in views;

· the difference in artistic tasks;

· contradictions of worldview and attitude;

· other reasons;

· the difference in artistic worlds;

· if they lived at different times, - by the difference in historical conditions and features of literary development;

· if they belong to different national cultures, - the difference is not only individual, but also national artistic worlds.

4. Clarify the interpretation of each of the analyzed texts in accordance with the comparative analysis.

Analysis of a prose literary work

When starting to analyze a work of art, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the specific historical context of the work during the period of creation of this work of art. At the same time, it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of historical and historical-literary situation, in the latter case, we mean

Literary trends of the era;
the place of this work among the works of other authors written during this period;
creative history of the work;
evaluation of the work in criticism;
the originality of the perception of this work by the writer's contemporaries;
evaluation of the work in the context of modern reading;
Next, one should turn to the question of the ideological and artistic unity of the work, its content and form (in this case, the plan of content - what the author wanted to say and the plan of expression - how he managed to do it).

Poem Analysis Plan
1. Elements of a commentary to the poem:
- Time (place) of writing, history of creation;
- Genre originality;
- The place of this poem in the poet's work or in a series of poems on a similar topic (with a similar motive, plot, structure, etc.);
- Explanation of obscure places, complex metaphors and other decryptions.
2. Feelings expressed by the lyrical hero of the poem; feelings that the poem evokes in the reader.
3. The movement of the author's thoughts, feelings from the beginning to the end of the poem.
4. Interdependence of the content of the poem and its artistic form:

Composite solutions;
- Features of self-expression of the lyric hero and the nature of the narrative;
- The sound sequence of the poem, the use of sound recording, assonance, alliteration;

Rhythm, stanza, graphics, their semantic role;
- Motivation and accuracy of the use of expressive means.
4. Associations caused by this poem (literary, life, musical, painting - any).
5. The typicality and originality of this poem in the poet's work, the deep moral or philosophical meaning of the work, revealed as a result of analysis; the degree of “eternity” of the raised issues or their interpretation. Riddles and secrets of the poem.
6. Additional (free) reflections.

Read it - it's interesting!

Lydia Charskaya.

"Notes of an Orphan", "Shelters", "General's Daughter", "Extra Mouth"

(The heroes of the book endure a lot of suffering, at every step they are in danger, they are lonely. The stories teach compassion, mercy, the ability to support a person in a difficult situation and always remain honest)

A. Aleksin is a famous contemporary writer.

"Home", "Division of property", "Mad Evdokia", "Call and come"

The heroes of A. Aleksin are able to express human feelings and awaken them in people. The stories tell about a sense of responsibility, empathy, compassion, a sense of forgiveness.

V. Kaverin.

"Two captains"

A book about honor and dignity, betrayal, friendship. One of the best works of the 20th century.

V. Tendryakov.

"The night after graduation"

The story of the education of the feelings of adolescents and the role that the school plays in this complex process. The writer loves to arrange for his characters to be tested for human authenticity.

Sample essays

C2.2.

For some, happiness is money, love, or world peace. And what does happiness mean for the main character and her father?

First of all, nadezhda's father believes that his happiness lies not only in the health of the family, but also in the fact that "everyone is alive, there is no war, everyone is assembled ... in the house" - so he is happy.

Secondly, Nadezhda, not understanding the sadness of her father, believed that happiness lies in the health of loved ones (sentence 10-12). And maybe she doesn't need so much, but her care plays a significant role.

Thus, the statement is true: "How much and how little a person needs to be happy!" (99 words)

(The composition of the 9b grade student Mukhanbetova Sabina).
For example, in sentence 1, the author uses a word with the diminutive suffix `granny` (the lexical phenomenon is named). It expresses the affectionate attitude of Tanya's granddaughter to her grandmother (the role of the word in the text is explained). However, in the sentence, the noun `grandma` is still an address (a grammatical phenomenon is named). The writer used it in the form of the nominative case and highlighted it with a comma (the grammatical phenomenon is commented on and the main grammatical features of the addresses are named). So the knowledge of grammar helped to understand to whom the girl addresses with speech (the role of the speech unit in the text is named).
So, G. Stepanov's statement is fair: `The dictionary of the language testifies to what people think, and the grammar how they think. '

2 sample: The famous linguist G. Stepanov stated: "The dictionary of the language testifies to what people think, and grammar - how they think." Let's try to understand the meaning of this aphorism.

This statement has two parts. Let's consider the first part. In my opinion, by the word "dictionary" G. Stepanov meant vocabulary, or the vocabulary of the language that people use in speech. Man needed words to give a name to everything in the world. This means that they reflect the thoughts of people. Figuratively speaking, language is a mold of our thinking. That is, "the dictionary of the language testifies to what people think about." For example, using in the remarks of one of the girls (sentences 34, 35, 38) emotionally expressive vocabulary ("unfortunate coward") and colloquial words ("picny", "let's arrange"), the author of the text emphasizes the rudeness and cruelty in the thoughts of children, their insidious intentions.

Now let's dwell on the second part of the statement. To understand its meaning, you need to find out the meaning of the word "grammar". Grammar is a section of linguistics that studies the rules for constructing phrases and sentences. Knowledge of grammatical rules not only helps a person to correctly and clearly express his own thoughts, but also reveals his inner world, state, attitude towards others. Take sentences 19 and 20, for example. Everyone knows that the word "please" is used if a person wants to win over the interlocutor, show him respect and politeness. But if we consider these sentences from the point of view of their construction, that is, grammar, we will see that this word is not part of the previous sentence, but is an independent syntactic construction. In this case, the author used such a syntactic device as parcelling to emphasize the hidden aggression of schoolchildren, their demanding tone. The use of the word "must" also helps in this (sentence No. 19).

Thus, the way a person thinks and speaks is his essence.

9.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian philologist F.I.Buslaev: “Only in a sentence do they get their meaning single words, their endings and prefixes ”.

Arguing your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read.

You can write a work in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing a topic on linguistic material. You can start the composition with the words of F.I. Buslaev.

A work written without reference to the text read (not according to this text) is not evaluated.

9.2 Write a reasoning essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “- Talent! - Leon repeated louder. - This must be understood! This must be cherished and appreciated! Isn't it true? "

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated zero.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase TRUE ART?

Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic "What is real art", taking your definition as a thesis. Arguing your thesis, give 2 examples-arguments that support your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated zero.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(1) At dawn, Lyonka and I drank tea and went to the moshary to look for wood grouses. (2) It was boring to walk.

- (3) You, Lyonya, would tell you something more fun.

- (4) What to tell? - answered Lyonka. - (5) Is it about the old women in our village. (6) These old women are the daughters of the famous artist Pozhalostin. (7) He was an academician, but he came out of our shepherds, from snotty ones. (8) His prints hang in museums in Paris, London and here in Ryazan. (9) I suppose you saw?

(10) I remembered the beautiful, slightly yellowed with age, engravings on the walls of my room in the house of two busy old women. (11) I also remembered the first, very strange sensation from the engravings. (12) These were portraits of old-fashioned people, and I could not get rid of their views. (13) A crowd of ladies and men in tightly buttoned frock coats, a crowd of the seventies of the nineteenth century, looked at me from the walls with deep attention.

- (14) Once the blacksmith Yegor comes to the village council, - Lenya continued. - (15) There is nothing, he says, to repair what is required, so let's remove the bells.

(16) Fedosya, a woman from Pustyn, meets here: (17) “Old women walk on copper planks at the Pity's house. (18) Something is scribbled on those boards - I don’t understand. (19) These boards will come in handy. "

(20) I came to the Pity, said what was the matter, and asked to show these boards. (21) The old woman brings out the boards wrapped in a clean towel. (22) I looked and froze. (23) Mother honest, what a delicate work, how hard it is cut! (24) Especially the portrait of Pugachev - you can't look for a long time: it seems that you are talking to him. (25) "Give me the boards for safekeeping, otherwise they will be melted down on nails," I tell her.

(26) She cried and said: (27) “What are you! (28) This is a national value, I will never give them away. "

(29) In general, we saved these boards - we sent them to Ryazan, to the museum.

(30) Then they called a meeting to judge me for hiding the boards. (31) I went out and said: (32) “Not you, but your children will understand the value of these engravings, but you should read someone else's work. (33) A man came out of the shepherds, for decades he studied on black bread and water, so much work has been invested in each board, sleepless nights, human torment, talent ... "

- (34) Talent! - Leon repeated louder. - (35) This must be understood! (36) This must be cherished and appreciated! (37) Isn't it true?

(According to K.G. Paustovsky) *

* Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich (1892-1968) - Russian writer and publicist, master of lyric-romantic prose, author of works about nature, historical stories, artistic memoirs.

Indicate erroneous judgment.

1) The word CHAYU has two syllables.
2) In the word shepherd, all consonants are deaf.
3) In the word RUSHNIK, all consonants have a pair of hardness - softness.
4) In the word LENYA, the letter E denotes one sound.

Explanation.

The hard consonant Ш has no soft pair.

The correct answer is indicated at number 3.

Answer: 3

Source: GIA - 2013, version 1319, GIA in Russian on June 4, 2013. The main wave. Option 1319.

Replace the colloquial word "I suppose" in sentence 9 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

Explanation.

In the context “His prints are hanging in museums in Paris, London and here in Ryazan. I suppose you've seen? " the colloquial word HEAVEN means PROBABLY or its synonyms.

Answer: probably, probably, perhaps, probably

Answer: probably | probably | maybe | probably | maybe

Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian philologist F.I.Buslaev: "Only in a sentence do individual words, their endings and prefixes get their meaning." Arguing your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

Explanation.

The Russian language is one of the richest languages \u200b\u200bin the world both in terms of the composition of the language and the ways of its speech organization. One cannot but agree with the statement of the famous Russian philologist FI Buslaev: "Only in the sentence do individual words, their endings and prefixes get their meaning." A sentence is a syntax unit in which individual words and predicative parts acquire the ability to interact and form speech components.

To confirm the validity of F.I.Buslaev's words, let us turn to an excerpt from the text of Konstantin Paustovsky. The text contains many expressive relationships. So, for example, in sentence No. 13 (a crowd of ladies and men in tightly buttoned frock coats, a crowd of the seventies of the nineteenth century, looked at me from the walls with deep attention) the grammatical basis is the combination "the crowd was watching", which in itself is interesting from the point of view correspondence of lexical and grammatical meaning. As part of the subject, the word "crowd" in its lexical meaning implies several people, literally a group of people. However, the grammatical meaning of the word "crowd" is the singular noun. Thus, in the combination itself, it is emphasized, on the one hand, the facelessness of people from the engravings, and on the other, as if their integrity, community, therefore the predicate is used according to grammatical norms in the singular: the crowd was watching.

Duplicates No. 3259.

Source: FIPI Task Bank

Explanation.

15.1 The Russian language is one of the richest languages \u200b\u200bin the world both in terms of the composition of the language and the ways of its speech organization. One cannot but agree with the statement of the famous Russian philologist FI Buslaev: "Only in the sentence do individual words, their endings and prefixes get their meaning." A sentence is a syntax unit in which individual words and predicative parts acquire the ability to interact and form speech components.

In sentence 18 (Something is scrawled on those boards - I don’t understand) the word "scrawled" acquires an additional shade, it is used to belittle the importance of painting on engravings.

Thus, having analyzed the text, we can confidently assert that in the sentence the word, its grammatical and lexical meanings are fully revealed.

15.2 Very often what a person does not understand because of his lack of education, underdevelopment, inability to evaluate due to the vanity of life and the prevailing circumstances, he considers unimportant, insignificant. Not every person is capable of appreciating and understanding art. About this Lenya's final words from the text of Konstantin Paustovsky.

The text tells how the painting had to be rescued. Baba Fedosya, who is not versed in art, offers to take the boards from the old women of Pity's Pity: "Something is scrawled on those boards - I don't understand." For Fedosya, the purpose of these boards is not clear, she does not know how to appreciate the beautiful, she lives with "daily bread", so she considers it more useful to melt these "boards" on nails. How many such masterpieces were destroyed during the revolution and civil war.

The author also shows another hero, Lyonya, who is ready to risk his reputation, career, and life in order to save these masterpieces. In sentence 30 we find confirmation of this: the hero was going to be judged at a general meeting because of his attitude towards the artist's works.

Preserving art for posterity is our duty to future generations. We should not only be proud of the amazing proportions of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl or St. Basil's Cathedral, but also do everything so that our children can be proud of them.

15.3 Art is all the most beautiful that is created by the hands and mind of man. The splendor of the natural world with its miraculous beauty encourages a person with the help of talent to capture the uniqueness of moments of life. It captures the spirit when you try to grasp with your mind everything created by geniuses, preserved and continued by their descendants and followers. Now it is impossible to imagine that our life would not be accompanied by art, creativity.

The text by Konstantin Paustovsky tells how it was necessary to save paintings. Baba Fedosya, who is not versed in art, offers to take the boards from the old women of Pity's Pity: "Something is scrawled on those boards - I don't understand." For Fedosya, the purpose of these boards is not clear, she does not know how to appreciate the beautiful, she lives with "daily bread", so she considers it more useful to melt these "boards" on nails. How many such masterpieces were destroyed during the revolution and civil war.

When you come to Red Square, the main square of the country, your gaze will involuntarily be riveted to the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed. This is an example of real art, it beckons, bewitches. No matter how the history of our state changes, the temple withstood, stood as a symbol of our strength and greatness.

Source: Open Bank FIPI, option 70F6FF

Using the text you read, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks on a separate sheet: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3. Before writing an essay, write down the number of the selected task: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3.

9.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the writer V. A. Soloukhin: "Epithets are the clothes of words." Arguing your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read. When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

You can write a work in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing a topic on linguistic material. You can start your essay with the words of V. A. Soloukhin.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.2 Write a reasoning essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the fragment of the text: “Gosha is a little angry: he did not want to take this bottle, take it out on the sly, but Vera made me. To her, you see, her own whim is dearer. "

Give in the essay 2 arguments from the text read, confirming your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated zero.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase MORAL CHOICE?

Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic "What is a moral choice", taking your definition as a thesis. Arguing your thesis, give 2 examples-arguments that support your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated zero.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(1) The guys left the yard, they are collecting camping equipment. (2) There is only one Gosh left. (3) He is on duty at the entrance and is waiting for someone ...

(4) Finally she appeared. (5) A mysterious creature of thirteen years old, an incredible beauty with a smile from ear to ear, with golden eyes, with a thin waist. (6) Vera.

- (7) Hi, - says Vera and shivers. - (8) It's still cold ... (9) Give me a jacket.

(10) Gosha throws a jacket over her shoulders, remains in one T-shirt, and the skin on his hands becomes covered with pimples.

- (11) Did your father bring you anything from England?

- (12) Yep. (13) Here, look, a transistor.

- (14) Did you bring your mother anything? (15) Spirits, for example? (16) Bring it to see.

- (17) But what about me ... (18) Vera, for me ... (19) Well, it's inconvenient ...

- (20) Then stand on your head. (21) Well ?!

- (22) Come on, Verk ... (23) Don't ...

- (24) Now stand on your head!

- (25) Well, please ... (26) Gosha comes up to the wall, gets down on all fours and, after several unsuccessful attempts, makes a stand. (27) Vera watches him sternly, like a coach.

- (28) Who is in charge? she asks.

- (29) Well, you ...

- (30) Roll over. (31) And bring the spirits. (32) Otherwise I will make you stand on your head all day!

(33) Wiping his palms on his T-shirt, Gosha treads helplessly, blinks, but Vera is relentless. (34) And then, giving her the transistor, Gosha drags on to his apartment.

- (36) This is a rocket, - Seryozhka informs impressively. - (37) Let's start in the forest.

(38) Vera condescendingly observes how the boys are fiddling with the rocket, how they carefully put it on the staircase, and they themselves go to get their backpacks.

(39) After waiting for the boys to disappear on the stairs, he goes to the courtyard of Gosh. (40) Looks around, hands Vera a blue shiny bottle.

(41) Gosha is a little angry: he did not want to take this bottle, take it out on the sly, but Vera made her. (42) You see, her whim is dearer to her. (43) And Gosha is now angry and almost condescendingly talks to Vera: (44) "Look, if you want ..."

(45) Vera understands his condition. (46) And she does not like that Gosha speaks down. (47) Vera's face becomes pensive. (48) She tilts her head to one side, squints. (49) Before, about three years ago, with such an expression, Vera rushed to fight (and fought better than boys). (50) Now she doesn't fight. (51) There are other ways.

(52) She reluctantly takes the blue bottle.

- (53) So, I see ... (54) Do you have any matches?

- (55) Matches? .. (56) Well, in a jacket ... look in your pocket.

- (57) Yeah. (58) Now set this tail on fire! - (59) Vera points to the rocket left by the boys.

- (60) Why? .. - Not realizing anything, mutters Gosha. - (61) What is this?

- (62) Bomb. (63) Let it go bang.

- (64) Well! .. - Gosha mutters in confusion. - (65) This ...

- (66) Who is in charge?

- (67) Verka, stop!

- (68) Oh, right? - (69) Vera strikes a match and brings the light to the rocket tail. (70) Finally, something hissed, sizzled like butter in a frying pan ...

- (71) Verka! (72) Move away! ..

(73) Vera demonstratively stands over a smoking cardboard pipe. (74) And then I see the beginning of the feat, its accomplishment and the end. (75) Gosha, numb with horror, Gosh, huddled against the wall with a distorted face, quiet, shy and fearful Gosha suddenly pushes Vera away and - flat on his stomach - falls onto the rocket.

(According to E. Shim) *

* Shim Eduard Yuryevich (Eduard Yuryevich Schmidt) (1930-2006) - Russian writer, playwright, author of several collections of stories for children and adults.

JOB D A4

Indicate erroneous judgment.

1) In the word TONYUSENKO, the number of letters and sounds is the same.
2) There are three syllables in the word STAY.
3) In the word ROAD, all consonants are solid.
4) There are seven sounds in the word LADDER.

Explanation.

The word TONYUSENKOY contains 11 letters and 10 sounds [TAN "US" IN "KAI"].

Answer: 1

Source: GIA - 2013, option 1301

Among sentences 39-44, find a complex sentence with a non-union and allied compositional connection between parts. Write the number of this sentence.

Explanation.

Sentence 41 “Gosha is a little angry: he didn’t want to take this bottle, take it out on the sly, but Vera made it” consists of three parts:

1. Gosha is a little angry.

2. He didn't want to take this bottle, take it out on the sly.

3. Vera made me.

Parts 1 and 2 are connected by a non-union connection, parts 2 and 3 are composed.

Answer: 41.

Answer: 41

Source: Open Bank FIPI, block DBFBDD; option I RESOLUT No. 1, GIA in Russian on 04.06.2013. The main wave. Option 1301.

Avdey Shariga 22.02.2017 12:00

Isn't it just a non-union connection here?

Tatiana Statsenko

Read the explanations for the assignment.

Nikolay Mironov 20.03.2018 21:02

There is no compositional union in the sentence. Did you confuse the task? Maybe there it was necessary to find a complex sentence with a non-union and union subordinate? And not allied compositional.

Sorry if I'm wrong myself.

Tatiana Statsenko

Everything is correct in the answer and in the explanations. The compositional union NO is in the proposal, and it connects the two bases.

Explanation.

Let's give an example of an essay-reasoning in a journalistic style.

15.1 The Russian language is one of the richest and most beautiful languages \u200b\u200bin the world. There are enough words in it to name all objects and phenomena, to convey a variety of feelings, moods, experiences. In addition, in our language, as, perhaps, in no other, there is a large arsenal of special means of expressiveness, one of which is an epithet. The epithet VA Soloukhin called "the clothing of words." Let's try to understand the validity of this statement using examples from the text of Eduard Shim.

Indicative for observing what the author uses epithets for is sentence 5 (A mysterious creature of thirteen years old, an incredible beauty with a smile from ear to ear, with golden eyes, with a thin waist). In the sentence, the epithets: a mysterious creature, golden eyes and others - help us to imagine the image of a girl. An association arises with something light, good. So the author indirectly expresses his attitude to the heroine, emphasizing her attractiveness. In sentence 75 (Gosha, numb with horror, Gosha, huddled against the wall with a distorted face, quiet, shy and fearful Gosha suddenly pushes Vera away and - flat on his stomach - falls on a rocket) the epithets are used by the author to describe another hero - Gosha.

Thus, the examples given can rightfully be considered arguments in support of Soloukhin's opinion: "Epithets are the clothes of words."

15.2 E. Yu. Shim raises an important problem of responsibility for moral choice. In the above fragment, the author talks about Gosha's attitude to his own deed. Gosha succumbed to Vera's "whim" and brought out a bottle of perfume, now he is angry both with Vera and with himself that he succumbed to weakness, did not defend his position.

Vera managed to subjugate Gosha, now she does whatever she sees fit with him. The fact that this pair is commanded by a girl says sentence number 27: "Vera is watching him sternly, like a coach." The coach's word is law. The problem is that the word is not always correct and can lead to trouble.

It is gratifying that at a dangerous moment Gosha managed to still make his own decision: "Gosha, numb with horror, Gosh, huddled against the wall with a distorted face, quiet, shy and fearful Gosha suddenly pushes Vera away and - flat on his stomach - falls on the rocket." Here is an example of real character based on the boy's own choices.

Our choice, no matter how difficult it may be, we must make conscientiously. At the same time, it should be remembered that for each act you will have to answer to yourself and those around you, and not only our life depends on what this choice will be, but also the life of those who are with us.

15.3 Everyone, to one degree or another, has an understanding of such feelings as shame, pity, empathy. These purely human feelings, moral concepts, the presence of which actually distinguish a person from an animal, have meaning and exist only in a society of their own kind, in a human society. These moral concepts are actually the human soul.

E. Yu. Shim raises an important problem of responsibility for moral choice. Vera managed to subdue Gosha, now she does whatever she sees fit with him. It is gratifying that at a dangerous moment Gosha managed to still make his own decision: "Gosha, numb with horror, Gosh, huddled against the wall with a distorted face, quiet, shy and fearful Gosha suddenly pushes Vera away and - flat on his stomach - falls on the rocket." Here is an example of real character based on the boy's own choices.

The life position of many people today is an example to follow. The name of the children's doctor of peace Leonid Roshal can often be found in the messages of news agencies. Terrorist attacks, earthquakes, catastrophes - Roshal always tries to go where children need help.

As long as a person is alive, he will be in constant struggle. What to do: make a deal with your conscience or do an act worthy of a real person? Our choice, no matter how difficult it may be, we must make conscientiously. At the same time, it should be remembered that for each act you will have to answer to yourself and those around you, and not only our life, but also the life of those who are next to us, depends on what this choice will be.

Source: Open Bank FIPI, block DBFBDD; option I SOLVE # 1

Relevance: Used in the OGE of the current year

Using the text you read, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks on a separate sheet: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3. Before writing an essay, write down the number of the selected task: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3.

9.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous philologist N. M. Shansky: "Using the example of a complex sentence, one can trace how a person expresses the relationship between the world and his own point of view." Arguing your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read. When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

A work written without reference to the text read (not according to this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated zero.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.2 Write a reasoning essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: "On the contrary, he wanted to lean out into the street, wave to his mother and loudly, so as not to drown out the rain, shout:" Don't worry! Don't worry, Mommy ... It's okay! "

Give in the essay 2 arguments from the text read, confirming your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated zero.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase MOTHER'S LOVE?

Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic "What is mother's love", taking your definition as a thesis. Arguing your thesis, give 2 examples-arguments that confirm your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated zero.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(1) Tolya did not like autumn. (2) He didn’t like it because the leaves were falling and "less often the sun was shining," but most of all because it often rained in the fall and my mother did not let him go outside.

(3) But then came such a morning when all the windows were in winding water paths, and the rain hammered and hammered something into the roof ... (4) But mother did not keep Tolya at home, but even hurried. (5) And Tolya felt that now he is very big: dad also went to work

in any weather!

(6) Mom took out an umbrella and a white raincoat from the closet, which Tolya secretly wore instead of a dressing gown when he and the guys played doctors.

- (7) Where are you going? - Tolya was surprised.

- (8) I will accompany you.

- (9) ... to see me off? (10) What are you?

(11) Mom sighed and put the prepared things back into the closet.

(12) Tolya really liked to run to school in the rain. (13) Once he turned around and suddenly saw my mother on the other side of the street. (14) There were many raincoats and umbrellas on the street, but he recognized his mother immediately. (15) And she, noticing that Tolya turned around, hid around the corner of the old two-story house.

(16) "Hiding!" Tolya thought angrily. (17) And he ran even faster, so that my mother would not decide to catch up with him.

(18) Near the school itself, he turned around again, but mom was no longer there.

(19) Returned, he thought with relief.

(20) On the solemn assembly, the students were lined up by class. (21) The young teacher deftly brushed wet strands of hair from her face and shouted:

- (22) The first "B"! (23) The first "B"!

(24) Tolya knew that the first "B" was him. (25) The teacher took the children to the fourth floor.

(26) Still at home, Tolya decided that he would never sit down at a school desk with a girl. (27) But the teacher, as if jokingly, asked him: - (28) You probably want to sit down with Chernov, right?

(29) And Tolya thought that he really always dreamed of sitting next to Chernov.

(30) The teacher opened the magazine and began the roll call. (31) After the roll call, she said:

- (32) Orlov, please close the window.

(33) Tolya immediately jumped up and went to the window, but it was not easy for him to reach the handle. (34) He got up and suddenly froze on tiptoe: outside the window he suddenly saw his mother. (35) She stood with a folded umbrella in her hands, not paying attention to the rain that was running down from her raincoat, and slowly moved her eyes around the windows of the school: my mother probably wanted to guess in which class her Tolya was sitting.

(36) And then he could not get angry. (37) On the contrary, he wanted to lean out into the street, wave to his mother and shout loudly, so as not to drown out the rain: (38) “Don't worry! (39) Don't worry, mommy ... (40) It's okay! " (41) But he could not shout, because in the lesson it is not supposed to shout.

(According to A. Aleksin) *

* Aleksin Anatoly Georgievich (born in 1924) - writer, playwright. His works, such as "My brother plays the clarinet", "Characters and performers", "Third in the fifth row" and others, mainly tell about the world of youth.

Indicate in what meaning is used in the text the word "nimble" (sentence 21).

1) skillfully
2) fast
3) neat
4) without hesitation

Explanation.

The word FAST is used in the sense of FAST.

The correct answer is indicated at number 2.

Answer: 2

Source: GIA - 2013, option 1307

Replace the colloquial word "(not) thought" in sentence 17 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

Explanation.

In the sentence “And I ran even faster so that my mother wouldn’t think of catching up with him” the colloquial word THOUGHT means DECIDED.

Answer: I decided.

Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous philologist N. M. Shansky: "Using the example of a complex sentence, one can trace how a person expresses the relationship between the world and his own point of view." Arguing your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

You can write a work in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing a topic on linguistic material. You can start your essay with the above statement.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Explanation.

Here is an example of an essay-reasoning in a scientific style.

The famous philologist N. M. Shansky said: "Using the example of a complex sentence, one can trace how a person expresses the relationship between the world and his own point of view." There is no doubt that thinking and speech are closely interconnected, speech is an indicator of the level of intellectual and spiritual development of a person: the lower the level of a person's development, the poorer his speech, the more monosyllabic sentences he creates. Of course, the use of complex sentences in speech testifies to the fact that a person is able to formulate a statement competently, harmoniously, and therefore, he thinks consistently, logically.

Let's analyze the grammatical structure of the language in the text of Anatoly Aleksin. The text is not simple in terms of syntax: there are many complicated sentences, complex syntactic constructions, complex sentences. So, sentence number 2 (I didn’t like it because the leaves were falling and "less often the sun was shining", but most of all because it often rained in the fall and my mother did not let him go outside) - a complex syntactic structure, in which the parts are connected a compositional and subordinate connection, and the subordination of the clauses in the sentence is both homogeneous and heterogeneous, which allows you to formulate an idea succinctly, consistently, logically. Sentence 6 (Mom took out an umbrella and a white raincoat from the closet, which Tolya secretly wore instead of a dressing gown when he and the guys played doctors) is also complex with consistent subordination of subordinate clauses. Possession of grammatical norms for constructing sentences allows their author to attract attention, make an impression with a special form of narration.

Source: FIPI Task Bank

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Enter the answer numbers.

1) It was raining in the autumn, and Tolya was afraid that his mother would catch a cold and get sick.

2) Tole realized that his mother was very worried about him, and therefore stood in the rain, peering into the school windows.

3) Tolya did not want his mother to know that he was sitting at the same desk with the girl.

4) Tolya did not want his mother to take care of him as a little one.

5) Tolya felt like an adult, so he had to go to school even in the rain.

Explanation.

1) It was raining in the autumn, and Tolya was afraid that his mother would catch a cold and get sick. - Not confirmed in the text.

2) Tole realized that his mother was very worried about him, and therefore stood in the rain, peering into the school windows. - Confirmed by proposals 36-39.

3) Tolya did not want his mother to know that he was sitting at the same desk with the girl. - Not confirmed in the text.

4) Tolya did not want his mother to take care of him as a little one. - Confirmed by proposals 9-10.

5) Tolya felt like an adult, so he had to go to school even in the rain. - Confirmed by sentence 5.

Answer: 245.

Answer: 245

Expression analysis.

Indicate the answer options in which a metaphor is the means of speech expression.

1) Tolya did not like autumn. He didn’t like it because the leaves were falling and "less often the sun was shining", but most of all because it often rained in the fall and my mother did not let him go outside.

2) And she, noticing that Tolya turned around, hid around the corner of the old two-story house.

3) But then a morning came when all the windows were in winding water paths, and the rain was hammering and hammering something into the roof ...

4) She stood, holding a folded umbrella, not paying attention to the rain that was pouring down from her raincoat, and slowly moved her eyes around the windows of the school: my mother probably wanted to guess in which class Tolya was sitting.

5) He got up and suddenly froze on tiptoe: outside the window he suddenly saw his mother.

Explanation.

3) But then came a morning when all the windows were in winding water paths, and the rain hammered and hammered something into the roof...

Let's analyze the grammatical structure of the language in the text of Anatoly Aleksin. The text is not simple in terms of syntax: there are many complicated sentences, complex syntactic constructions, complex sentences. So, sentence number 2 (I didn’t like it because the leaves were falling and "less often the sun was shining", but most of all because it often rained in the fall and my mother did not let him go outside) - a complex syntactic structure, in which parts are connected a compositional and subordinate relationship, and the subordination of the clauses in the sentence is both homogeneous and heterogeneous, which allows you to formulate an idea succinctly, consistently, logically. Proposition 6 (Mom took out an umbrella and a white raincoat from the closet, which Tolya secretly wore instead of a dressing gown, when he and the guys played doctors) is also complex with consistent subordination of subordinate clauses. Possession of grammatical norms for constructing sentences allows their author to attract attention, make an impression with a special form of narration.

Thus, Shansky's conclusion that a complex sentence helps to show the relationship between the world and our perception is justified.

15.2 It often happens that we cannot assess in time how much the closest, dear person to us - mother loves us. This is not always an indicator of our callousness, indifference, no. Sometimes we get so used to the fact that there is a mother, that it seems to us that she will always be, which means we still have time to say kind words to her, to show her our love.

When mom was about to accompany Tolya to school, he refused, and mom dutifully put her things in the closet, because she understood her child, because she values \u200b\u200bhis feelings (sentences 7-11).

Tolya ran to school, often looking around so that his mother would not follow him. But at the same time, sentence number 14 is indicative (there were a lot of raincoats and umbrellas on the street, but he recognized his mother right away): the hero recognizes his mother immediately - this suggests that the boy loves her, so he could recognize her on a crowded street among many raincoats and umbrellas ... Or maybe Tolya felt calm alone precisely because he subconsciously felt that his mother was near, she was protecting and would come to the rescue at any moment ?!

Mother's love is security, peace, trust, care, but we must not forget that our mothers also need care and trust. Let's remember this more often.

15.3 Mother's love is a tremendous force, creative, creative, inspiring. She is able to work miracles, revive to life, save from dangerous diseases.

The hero of the text of Anatoly Aleksin loves his mother, he did not want his mother to accompany him to school, because he was afraid of ridicule by his peers. And when I saw her through the window, I realized how much she loved him, so he wanted to reciprocate. The boy loves his mother, so he was able to recognize on a crowded street among the many raincoats and umbrellas. Or maybe Tolya felt calm alone precisely because he subconsciously felt that his mother was near, she was protecting and would come to the rescue at any moment ?!

We meet examples of maternal love in everyday life, and Russian literature is also rich in them. In the work of A. N. Tolstoy "Russian character" the main character Dremov, who was awarded a vacation, went home, posing as a different person. But without living there a day, he returned back to the unit. It seemed to Dremov that he had become a stranger to his parents. But her mother's heart told her that her son was coming. It doesn't matter for mom whether their son is handsome or not, the main thing is that he stay alive.

A mother's love for her child is disinterested, healing and protective, because a mother loves for nothing, but just like that, because she is a mother. Little that we can give in return is to repay her with our love.

Source: Open bank FIPI, block C0D5F2, option RESHU No. 7

Relevance: Used in the OGE of the current year

9.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous philologist N. M. Shanskiy: "In a monologue speech, a complete thought sometimes does not fit within one sentence, and its expression requires a whole group of sentences related to each other in meaning and grammar." Arguing your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read. When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

You can write a work in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing a topic on linguistic material. You can start your essay with the words of N. M. Shansky.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.2 Write a reasoning essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of a fragment of the text: “I wanted a friend to appear. Not accidental, not for an hour, when he rushes in to play chess or listen to Paul McCartney, but a real one ... "

Give in the essay 2 arguments from the text read, confirming your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated zero.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word FRIENDSHIP?

Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic "What is friendship", taking your definition as a thesis. Arguing your thesis, give 2 examples-arguments that confirm your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is rated zero.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(1) My mother and I recently moved to this house. (2) The most interesting thing here is the courtyard. (3) It is big, green, there is where to play ball, hide-and-seek, and various other games. (4) The guys played almost every day, especially in the summer. (5) And I gradually got to know them, and we all treated each other in an amicable way.

(6) Then they began to appoint me as a judge in volleyball meetings. (7) Nobody liked to judge, everyone wanted to play, and I was always welcome: how not to help friends? .. (8) And it happened that on the wide porch of a neighboring wooden house we played chess and loto.

(9) Occasionally the guys came to my house. (10) We listened to the records, played with my railroad, chatted about this and that, but not about anything serious.

(11) And the guys also loved it when I let paper doves from the balcony. (12) More precisely, they were not really pigeons. (13) I learned how to make birds out of paper that look like flying saucers.

(14) Quite round, only with a crease in the middle and with a triangular beak. (15) They flew great, smooth wide circles. (16) Sometimes the wind lifted them to a decent height and carried them away from the yard.

(17) The guys in a crowd chased each dove - who will grab it first! (18) To avoid a landfill, it was decided to say in advance which dove I am sending to whom.

(19) The fact is that I painted each dove with felt-tip pens. (20) On one I drew all sorts of patterns, on the other - ships in the middle of the sea, on the third - fabulous cities, on the fourth - flowers and butterflies. (21) And all sorts of cosmic pictures. (22) And much more - it turned out beautifully and interesting.

(23) The guys, of course, liked it, but I was still a stranger among them. (24) And suddenly I didn't want to let the doves from the balcony.

(25) I did the latter and - I don’t know why - painted the evening sky, the orange sun on the horizon and the road along which two boys were walking side by side.

(26) Although no, I knew why I drew this. (27) I wanted a friend to appear. (28) Not accidental, not for an hour, when he runs to play chess or listen to Paul McCartney, but a real one ...

(29) I let the dove off the balcony, and the wind grabbed and carried him away by the poplars. (30) And I thought: someone will find, guess, come to me ...

(According to V. Krapivin) *

* Vladislav Petrovich Krapivin (born in 1938) is a modern writer, journalist, author of books about children and for children, including fantastic ones.

Indicate erroneous judgment.

1) In the word ALIEN, all consonants are solid.
2) In the word WHAT THE letter H denotes the sound [w].
3) In the word START, all consonants are deaf.
4) In the word SERIOUS, the number of letters and sounds is the same.

Explanation.

The consonant H is always soft.

The correct answer is indicated at number 1.

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