Radio Facts: History, Theory, How It Works. What the radio station gives in world of tanks The radio works where it is impossible to use standard communication means

Someone dreams of a new iPhone, someone of a car, and someone of a set of parts and a new speaker for their radio. not so long ago there were times when an ordinary transistor radio was the ultimate dream of the golden youth.

Radio was a faithful companion of man throughout the 20th century. Famous announcements from the Soviet information bureau, the first music programs, a real breakthrough in the transmission of information, a revolution in the media - all this is radio.

All we hear is radio Ga-Ga. In today's article, we will understand what radio is and how it works.

The famous “Radio Ga-ga” from the Queen song is nothing more than the baby talk of the son of the band's drummer. Roger Taylor heard the kid mutter and distort the words, and then decided that this could make a good chorus for the song.

Once upon a time, radio was cooler than the Internet - a fact. Another fact is that without radio there will be no Internet. Let the receivers listen not so often, radio technologies are actively developing and used in satellite communications, television, mobile phones, walkie-talkies, medical devices ... In short, everywhere.

The essence of radio in the broadest sense:

Radio is a method of wireless data transmission, in which a radio wave is used as an information carrier.

Let's find out how this thing works and who invented it.

Popov, Marconi, Tesla?

Who first discovered radio communication? Talking about the specific inventor of the radio is, in principle, incorrect, since too many people at different times have contributed to the development of this technology. Here and Thomas Edisonand Nikola Teslaand Alexander Popovand , and many others.

Interestingly, many countries have their own radio inventor. The debate over who was the first went on for a long time, and for many reasons.

In Russia, it was traditionally believed that radio invented Alexander Popov... Yes, Popov has conducted successful experiments in data transmission since 1895 years, but his invention was greatly improved and brought to mind by foreign colleagues. Moreover, Popov did not patent his work.

Of course, Popov's contribution to the development of radio cannot be underestimated. However, it is incorrect to consider him the only inventor of radio. The opinion that Alexander Popov invented the radio was largely imposed by the propaganda of the USSR, when they tried to attribute all possible and impossible inventions to the Soviet Union.

Also, the confrontation was led by Tesla and Marconi. Nikola Tesla claimed to have experimented with wireless signal transmission before 1896 years when Marconi did it. However, Marconi, who possessed a commercial streak, was the first to patent the invention.

The merit of this man is that it was he who was able to find, before only theoretical ideas, a really broad practical application.

A real sensation in 1901 was the transmission of a radio signal over a distance of 3200 kilometers. Then many scientists believed that a radio wave could not propagate to such a distance due to the spherical shape of the Earth.

What is radio wave

A wave is a wobble. A sea wave is an oscillation of the surface of the water.

And a radio wave is a change in the electromagnetic field that propagates in space.

Like light, radio waves are electromagnetic radiation. The only difference is in frequency and wavelength. The speed of propagation of a radio wave in a vacuum is approximately 300,000 kilometers per second.

Below we give the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves and show the place of radio waves in it.

A radio wave is a signal. Something that conveys information. Radio waves are divided into ranges from submillimeter to ultra-long. Each wavelength range has its own propagation characteristics.

For example, the longer the wavelength and the lower the frequency, the more the wave is able to bend around obstacles. Long waves go around the entire planet.

All beacons and rescue stations are tuned to a wavelength of 6 meters and a frequency of 500 kHz.

Medium waves are more susceptible to absorption and scattering. The length of their distribution is about 1500 km. Short waves travel short distances, their energy is absorbed by the planet's surface.

How radio waves "work". The principle of propagation of radio waves

Before dealing with the radio itself, there are a few more points to clarify. How information is transmitted.

How information is transmitted. Modulation

Take an electromagnetic wave. It is a sinusoid, fluctuations in the vectors of the strength of the magnetic and electric fields. "Where is the information here?" you ask, and there is a reason in this question.

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By itself, a sine wave does not carry any information. Signal modulation is used for data transmission. There are different types of modulations:

• amplitude;
• phase;
• frequency;
• amplitude-frequency.

For example, the abbreviation FM means frequency modulation - frequency modulation.

Modulation is a change in one of the parameters of a signal.

Frequency modulation is the change in frequency. Amplitude - respectively, amplitudes. Of course, the change is not simple, but carries information.

We have a carrier signal (carrier vibration) and an information signal (speech, sound, music). Modulation of a carrier signal allows information to be encrypted in it. Moreover, the parameter of this signal changes in accordance with the information signal.

Next, we will consider frequency modulation, since FM radio stations are the most popular, and it is more pleasant to talk about what is familiar. With frequency modulation, the signal does not change in amplitude. In accordance with changes in the level of the information signal, the frequency of the carrier wave changes.

This is how it looks:

How radio works

The simplest radio receiver contains a receiver and a transmitter. The transmitter must send the signal and the receiver must receive it.

In this case, the receiver does not just transmit, but encodes the signal using modulation. The transmitter must also do the opposite, that is, decode the Singalus. And then we will receive the same signal that was transmitted to us.

For example, you are driving in a minibus where the driver is listening to the Chanson radio. Summer, heat, summer residents, a few more hours to go ... In general, beauty, and nothing more. But let's not get distracted! A very soulful song sounds on the radio.

When they say "95.2 FM", they mean an ultrashort radio wave with a carrier frequency of 95.2 MHz.

Its signal spectrum looks like this. This is an information signal.

To transmit it over a distance, this information must be encrypted. A transmitter in a radio station sends a carrier sine wave into space by frequency modulation.

The receiver in the driver's cab, on the other hand, separates the useful component from the incoming signal. Then the signal is sent to the amplifier, from the amplifier to the speaker. As a result, everyone travels happily to music!

Knowing how the radio works, you can, if you wish, independently assemble a radio receiver from simple components. How to do this with potatoes - you will learn from the video. Let's say right away that we didn't check it ourselves, but if you try, tell us how it turned out. And if the task is more complicated and you need help in solving it, please contact the student service.

In World of Tanks, any vehicle has five types of modules, and the radio station is one of them, but not everyone knows what it gives, so they often do not even pump it, considering it a useless waste of experience and credits. Such a serious mistake cannot be made, since in WoT a walkie-talkie is vital. It is needed in order to see opponents and allies on the minimap, as well as to transmit data about the location of the enemy.

Using the radio station in World of Tanks

Operating principle

Any technique has a parameter "Communication range", which depends on the radio. It is a circle with a radius specified in the characteristics of the radio. If the communication range circles of two friendly vehicles intersect, then they see each other on the minimap.

For clarity, below is a diagram to better understand how the radio station works:

The principle of operation of the radio station in World of Tanks

This is the general picture that an outside observer might see, but for each individual player, things look a little different. As can be seen from the figure, the communication circles of tanks (1) and (2) intersect, and the communication range of number (3) is not enough, therefore:

• The player with number (1) sees the allied vehicle (2), and gives it the location of the enemy (4);
• The tank (2) sees the ally (1), as well as the enemy (4), whose coordinates are given to him by the ally (1);
• (3) sees only the enemy (6), and none of the allies sees him;
• (4) visible for machines (1) and (2);
• (5) is not visible to anyone, since it is outside someone's circle of light;
• (6) is visible only for the tank (3).

Thus, number (3) is in a dangerous position, since his allies do not even know where he is and cannot come to the rescue. A similar situation is widespread in low-level battles, where the vast majority of vehicles have a communication range of less than 400 meters.

The importance of a radio station for different classes of equipment

In WoT, the radio is most needed by fireflies, and should be purchased as soon as possible, third in order after the engine and chassis. Since the main role of fireflies in battle is to spot enemy vehicles, they often move far away from their team, so LT with a small communication radius will be simply useless.

As for the rest of the classes, the communication range is not so important for them. However, you shouldn't ignore its pumping either - if only because without a pumped-out radio, your equipment cannot become elite.

Pumping

A nice feature of the walkie-talkie in World of Tanks is that it is a highly unified module, that is, the same model can be found on a large number of cars.

As an illustrative example, we can cite the Soviet radio transmitter 12RT:

As you can see from the image, once you open this module, you can put it on 16 different tanks, moreover, it will be top-end on many of them. For example, being researched on the SU-122A, it will automatically open on other vehicles from the Soviet artillery branch. This property is an additional incentive to spend combat experience on it.

From all of the above, we can conclude that the radio station in World of Tanks is an extremely necessary module, and, despite its role in battle, which is not obvious at first glance, ignoring it can lead to disastrous consequences.

what is the communication range for in world of tanks and got the best answer

Answer from Lelik [guru]
So that the scout lights can transmit data about the highlighted enemies to theirs as far as possible. With a weak radio, their efforts will be in vain.

Answer from Yoasha Kravtsov[newbie]

Answer from Aiden williams[guru]

Answer from Denis Petrov[active]

Answer from Alexander getta[newbie]
to spot the waraga not only on the radar

Answer from Dmitry deryabin[newbie]
Kravtsov do not confuse people, the review is an inner circle in which you find the enemy, but a large
this is the communication range, that's who got into the big circle of those you can see through the scope.

Answer from Denis Petrov[active]
so that the ally tank, seeing the enemy at the other end of the map, will transfer this information to you and the enemy will appear red on the mini-map. If the range is small, those who are closer will see them on the mini-map ... and you are not

Answer from Aiden williams[guru]
to see more enemies on the radar ... for example, you have 200 and the enemy has 500, he sees you and you don't, even when he strains at you

Answer from Yoasha Kravtsov[newbie]
I have been playing for two years and have never asked this question. And then I found out for myself ... that basically it is needed for LT. From now on, on other tanks I will study it only at the last or last levels in order to speed up the pumping process. It affects only the minimap, that is, you see with its help the opponents illuminated by an ally, but it is written in black and white that with the help of other allies who have dispersed throughout the map, you can see the light of the entire map with a radio station ... it does not affect the viewing radius. And you see in the scope only those who fall within your radius of view.

Why radio communication and walkie-talkies are needed is a country question. Radio communication is an absolute must for every person.

The radio works where it is impossible to use standard communication means

What is radio communication and what is a walkie-talkie

Radio communication is a simple, reliable and necessary means of communication with an audience thousands of kilometers away from you. A walkie-talkie (it is also a radio station of low and medium power) is a portable device that receives and transmits an audio signal, while a radio station can only be transmitting. Almost all modern walkie-talkies are assembled according to a scheme that uses both a receiver and a transmitter.

"The radio" sounds like a battle - films and books about the war, the work of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the police, rescue and other operations immediately come to mind. Walkie-talkies are convenient and it is impossible to do without them where another type of communication is not available. Modern radio communication systems are easy to deploy in any conditions and undemanding to their environment.

Digital technologies in radio communication are not new for a long time. For operational interaction, they are used by many departments throughout the world. Emerging technologies offer radio networks of all sizes. Radio communication today is not only voice conversations, but also, for example, determining the coordinates of the subscriber using the built-in GPS receiver, personal and group calls, etc.

The simplest walkie-talkies (radio stations) do not require registration or are subject to simplified registration (433 and 446 MHz bands). Radio stations with a wider range are already providing operational and uninterrupted communication of various serious services, both private and public. Today radio communication is a necessary tool for the effective work of various structures and organizations.

At home and at war

For example, to build any dispatching system, both the old classical radio communication methods and modern digital radio equipment are used. Both types of equipment (old and new) can operate in analog mode. It should be noted that by gradually replacing outdated and out-of-order equipment with a new digital one, you get a higher quality of communication.

Whatever technological solutions for building a radio communication system are used, its main task is to provide a high-quality connection through a radio channel between subscribers. Operational radio communication is necessary where various dispatch services, emergency services, cash collection departments, mobile security groups, courier services, for sports purposes, on land, at sea, in the air work - that is, everywhere in peace and wartime.

Radio waves propagate in emptiness and in the atmosphere, the earth and water are opaque to them. However, due to the effects of diffraction and reflection, communication is possible between points on the earth's surface that do not have a line of sight. The communication range is most influenced by the antenna installation height above the ground, antenna type, modulation type, radio power, interference level at the receiving point. To increase the communication range, it is necessary to increase the transmitter power. Increasing the transmitter power by a factor of four improves the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver side only by a factor of two.

Modern mobile radio communication offers the widest possibilities for uninterrupted radio communication over long distances. At the same time, satellite communication is the most reliable - such systems are very popular. Mobile radio communication systems are in demand in many areas of activity - in business, professional and amateur navigation, security structures, and so on.

The effectiveness of the work of law enforcement agencies largely depends on modern means of radio communication, since communication directly affects the success of interception operations, etc. The quality, speed and completeness of information transfer are often of vital importance. Modern walkie-talkies for the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other departments undergo a complex acceptance procedure, which is a guarantee of their operation in conditions of sudden temperature changes, high humidity and when exposed to other unfavorable factors.

On land and at sea

If we talk about individuals, then many go fishing in the countryside and to ski resorts, where they also use radios. Many nature and sports lovers are sometimes in places where there is simply no mobile connection, and only walkie-talkies help out. With the development of technology, people exchange information more and more. Among tourists, especially recently, when budget radios have appeared and do not need complicated licensing, there is an increase in the number of their users.

The walkie-talkie gives noticeably greater usability compared to a mobile phone in a number of cases, and also replaces the phone in places where there is no network. Both in the mountains and on the rivers you will know: no matter what happens to you or your comrades, you will be helped, rescued, rescued. Even where there is a mobile connection, walkie-talkies are in some cases more convenient than a mobile phone. When conducting competitions and trainings, where participants and coaches need to constantly talk, all in the same police and military operations mentioned above - the walkie-talkies cannot be replaced with other systems for negotiations. Radio communication and walkie-talkies are protection and security, help and a pleasant pastime. Remember at least one day in your life when you did not use radio communications.